Factors affecting residents’ support for tourism development in protected natural areas

Santana, Carla Stefânia Cabral de Medeiros; Nascimento, Marcos Antônio Leite do; Marques Junior, Sérgio

doi:10.7784/rbtur.v14i2.1888

Carla Stefânia Cabral de Medeiros Santana E-mail: carlastefaniasantana@yahoo.com.br

Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

Informations about the authors Carla Stefânia Cabral de Medeiros Santana She has a Master’s degree in Tourism from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), a Specialist degree in Environmental Management at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) and a Bachelor’s degree in Tourism from the Unifacex. Contributions: research design; literature review; data collection; data analysis; discussion.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-6610

Marcos Antônio Leite do Nascimento Email: marcos@geologia.ufrn.br

Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

Informations about the authors Marcos Antônio Leite do Nascimento He has Bachelor’s degree in Geology from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Masters’ and PhD in Geodynamics and Geophysics from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; He teaches at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte/UFRN. Contributions: literature review; data analysis; discussion.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8158-7186

Sérgio Marques JuniorEmail: sergio@ct.ufrn.br

Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

Informations about the authors Sérgio Marques Junior He has a Bachelor’s degree in Agronomic Engineering from the University of São Paulo (USP), Master’s degree in Agronomy from the University of São Paulo and PhD in Agronomy from the São Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP); He teaches at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte/UFRN. Contributions: literature review; data analysis; discussion.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6008-8038

Informations about the authors

Carla Stefânia Cabral de Medeiros Santana

She has a Master’s degree in Tourism from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), a Specialist degree in Environmental Management at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) and a Bachelor’s degree in Tourism from the Unifacex.

Contributions: research design; literature review; data collection; data analysis; discussion.

E-mail: carlastefaniasantana@yahoo.com.br

Informations about the authors

Marcos Antônio Leite do Nascimento

He has Bachelor’s degree in Geology from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Masters’ and PhD in Geodynamics and Geophysics from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; He teaches at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte/UFRN.

Contributions: literature review; data analysis; discussion.

Email: marcos@geologia.ufrn.br

Informations about the authors

Sérgio Marques Junior

He has a Bachelor’s degree in Agronomic Engineering from the University of São Paulo (USP), Master’s degree in Agronomy from the University of São Paulo and PhD in Agronomy from the São Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP); He teaches at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte/UFRN.

Contributions: literature review; data analysis; discussion.

Email: sergio@ct.ufrn.br

FACTORS	DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIABLES	AUTHORS
Value (Valor)	VALOR1- I came here because this park is a UC	Moreira (2016)Moreira, J. (2016) Pesquisa de uso e recreação em unidade de conservação. Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa. Nunkoo & Ramkissoon (2011)Nunkoo, R.., & Ramkissoon, H. (2011) Developing a community support model for tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 38 (3), 964-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.01.017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.01... Passold & Kinker (2010)Passold, A.J.., & Kinker, S. M (2010). Visitação em Unidades de Conservação. In. Philippi Jr., A.., & Ruschmann, D. V. Gestão ambiental e sustentabilidade no turismo. São Paulo: Manole. Eagles & Mccool (2002)Eagles, P.., & Mccoll, S. (2002) Tourism in national parks and protected areas: planning and management. New York: CABI Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995892.0000 https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995892.00... Chen & Tsai (2007)Chen, C.-F.., & Tsai, D. (2007) How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28 (4), 1115-1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.0... ; Wang, Zang, Gu & Zhen (2009)
	VALOR 2- I observe that this park is environmentally well-maintained
	VALOR 3- I consider this park to have attractive elements
	VALOR 4- The recreational experience in this park is pleasant
	VALOR 5- I realize that people contribute to keep this park maintained
	VALOR 6- This park has tourism potential
	VALOR 7- I consider this place as another tourist attraction in the city of Natal
Support (Apoio)	APOIO1- This place is important for tourism development in Natal	Passold & Kinker (2010)Passold, A.J.., & Kinker, S. M (2010). Visitação em Unidades de Conservação. In. Philippi Jr., A.., & Ruschmann, D. V. Gestão ambiental e sustentabilidade no turismo. São Paulo: Manole. Nunkoo & Ramkissoon (2011)Nunkoo, R.., & Ramkissoon, H. (2011) Developing a community support model for tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 38 (3), 964-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.01.017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.01... Nunkoo & Ramkissoon (2012)Nunkoo, R.., & Ramkissoon, H. (2012) Power, trust social Exchange and community support. Annals of Tourism Research, 39 (2), 997-1023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.11.017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.11... Lindberg & Johnson (1997)Lindberg, K.., & Johnson, R. (1997) Modeling resident attitudes towards tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 24 (2), 402-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80009-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80... Lee (2013)Lee, T. H. (2013) Influences analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.03.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.0...
	APOIO2- I believe that people should participate in protection activities in this place
	APOIO3- I am in favor of tourism development in this park
	APOIO4- I support a greater incentive to attract visitors to this park
	APOIO5- To make visitation possible, I am in favor of charging entrance tickets to this park
	APOIO6- The government should create more parks like this one to favor tourism in Natal
	APOIO7- I would like tourists in Natal to visit this park
Image (Imagem)	IMAGEM1- When I think of Natal I remember this park	Lee et. al. (2005)Lee, C., Lee, Y.., & Lee, B. (2005) Korea’s destination image formed by the 2002 word cup. Annals of Tourism Research, 32 (4), 839-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.11.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.11... Wang, Zhang, Gu & Zhen (2009)Wang, X., Zhang, J., Gu, C.., & Zhen, F. (2009) Examining antecedentes and consequences of tourist satisfaction: A structural modeling approach. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 14 (3), 397-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1007-0214(09)70057-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1007-0214(09)70... Beerli & Martin (2004)Beerli, A.., & Martín, J. (2004) Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31 (3), 657-681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.01.010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.01... Chen & Tsai (2007)Chen, C.-F.., & Tsai, D. (2007) How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28 (4), 1115-1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.0...
	IMAGEM2 - This park reminds me of environmental conservation
	IMAGEM3- This park brings me fond memories
	IMAGEM4- This park reminds me of pleasant sensations
	IMAGEM5- I see this park as an educational space
	IMAGEM6- This park is very exciting
Satisfaction (Satisfação)	SAT1- The services of this park work as they should	Passold & Kinker (2010)Passold, A.J.., & Kinker, S. M (2010). Visitação em Unidades de Conservação. In. Philippi Jr., A.., & Ruschmann, D. V. Gestão ambiental e sustentabilidade no turismo. São Paulo: Manole. Moreira (2016)Moreira, J. (2016) Pesquisa de uso e recreação em unidade de conservação. Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa. Chen & Tsai (2007)Chen, C.-F.., & Tsai, D. (2007) How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28 (4), 1115-1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.0... Chen & Chen (2010)Chen, C.-F.., & Chen, F.-S. (2010) Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tourism Management, 31 (1), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.0...
	SAT2- This park is accessible (well located)
	SAT3- Visiting this park contributes to a greater interaction with nature
	SAT4- The park has excellent tourism support infrastructure
	SAT5-The park has all the conditions for recreation
	SAT6- The park has everything I need to have fun
Quality (Qualidade)	QUALI1- Cleanliness	Moreira (2016)Moreira, J. (2016) Pesquisa de uso e recreação em unidade de conservação. Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa. Chen & Tsai (2007)Chen, C.-F.., & Tsai, D. (2007) How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28 (4), 1115-1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.0... Lee et. al. (2005)Lee, C., Lee, Y.., & Lee, B. (2005) Korea’s destination image formed by the 2002 word cup. Annals of Tourism Research, 32 (4), 839-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.11.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.11... Wang, Zang, Gu & Zhen (2009)Wang, X., Zhang, J., Gu, C.., & Zhen, F. (2009) Examining antecedentes and consequences of tourist satisfaction: A structural modeling approach. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 14 (3), 397-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1007-0214(09)70057-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1007-0214(09)70... Chen & Chen (2010)Chen, C.-F.., & Chen, F.-S. (2010) Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tourism Management, 31 (1), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.0...
	QUALI2- Safety
	QUALI3- Accessibilities
	QUALI4- Facilities
	QUALI5-Recreational activities
	QUALI6- Overall, how do you evaluate the quality of this park?

Goodness-of-fit indices		Model values	Reference values, Mâroco (2010)	Index classification in the model
Absolut indices	CMIN/DF	1.549	]1;2[ - good fit	Good fit
	GFI	0.919	< 0.8 – bad fit [0.8; 0.9[- acceptable fit [0.9; 0.95[ - good fit ≥ 0.95 – very good fit	Good fit
	RMSEA	0.055	> 0.10 - acceptable fit ]0.05;0.10]- good fit ≤ 0.05 - very good fit	Good fit
Incremental indices	CFI	0.952	>0.80 - good fit	Good fit
	TLI	0.940	>0.80 - good fit
	NFI	0.879	>0.80 - good fit
Parsimonious indices	PGFI	0.635	< 0.6 – bad fit[0.6;0.8]- good fit≥ 0.8 – very good fit	Good fit
	PCFI	0.753
	PNFI	0.695

Dependence relationship	Standard estimation	S.E	C.R	p	Hypotheses verification
Value←Image (H1)	0.304	0.64	3.096	0.002	Not rejected (supported)
Quality←Image (H2)	0.406	0.59	3.422	^* Relação altamente significante	Not rejected (supported)
Value←Quality (H3)	0.551	0.187	3.806	^* Relação altamente significante	Not rejected (supported)
Satisfaction←Quality (H4)	0.518	0.364	3.389	^* Relação altamente significante	Not rejected (supported)
Satisfaction←Value (H5)	0.345	0.241	2.641	0.008	Not rejected (supported)
Support←Value (H6)	0.470	0.121	4.100	^* Relação altamente significante	Not rejected (supported)

Variables and construct (regression coefficients)	Standardized loading	Error	p	Composite reliability and extracted variance (AVE)
Value2↔Value	0.595	-	^* ***** Highly significant	Reliability: 0.735 AVE: 0.484
Value3↔Value	0.787	0.207	^* ***** Highly significant
Value4↔Value	0.692	0.146	***
Support3↔Support	0.638	-	^* ***** Highly significant	Reliability: 0.741 AVE: 0.489
Support4↔ Support	0.770	0.215	^* ***** Highly significant
Support 7↔ Support	0.685	0.191	^* ***** Highly significant
Image3↔Image	0.711	-	^* ***** Highly significant	Reliability: 0.818 AVE: 0.601
Image4↔Image	0.840	0.112	^* ***** Highly significant
Image5↔Image	0.771	0.096	^* ***** Highly significant
Sat4↔Satisfaction	0.789	-	^* ***** Highly significant	Reliability: 0.817 AVE: 0.599
Sat5↔ Satisfaction	0.747	0.086	^* ***** Highly significant
Sat6↔ Satisfaction	0.786	0.104	^* ***** Highly significant
Quali1↔Quality	0.425	-	^* ***** Highly significant	Reliability: 0.676 AVE: 0.430
Quali2↔ Quality	0.599	0.254	^* ***** Highly significant
Quali4↔ Quality	0.867	0.422	^* ***** Highly significant

[1] Informations about the authors

Carla Stefânia Cabral de Medeiros Santana

She has a Master’s degree in Tourism from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), a Specialist degree in Environmental Management at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) and a Bachelor’s degree in Tourism from the Unifacex.

Contributions: research design; literature review; data collection; data analysis; discussion.

Brasil

Brasil

Factors affecting residents’ support for tourism development in protected natural areas

Abstract