Carcass and meat quality of rabbits fed <i>Tithonia tubaeformis</i> weed

Zepeda-Bastida, Armando; Martínez, Maricela Ayala; Simental, Sergio Soto

doi:10.1590/rbz4820190074

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Non-Ruminants • R. Bras. Zootec. 48 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820190074 copy

Carcass and meat quality of rabbits fed Tithonia tubaeformis weed

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to use different parts of the Tithonia tubaeformis plant in feed for fattening rabbits and then observe the effects on carcass and meat quality. Forty-eight weaned rabbits (35 days of age) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12 by treatment). Animals were fed ad libitum a control diet as well as three experimental diets, with addition of Tithonia tubaeformis leaves, whole plant, and stems. Rabbits were slaughtered after 63 days of age without fasting. Results indicate that live weight (0.917), skin (0.79), feet (6.679), and lumbar circumference of the carcass (0.707) have higher positive correlations with hot carcass. There were no significant differences between treatments for all variables measured, except for kidneys and kidney fat. pH and color values were different among treatments. The results indicate that Tithonia tubaeformis leaves or the whole plant could be added to feed for growing rabbits.

Keywords:
color; invasive plant; meat; texture

Item		Treatment¹ 1 Control and treatments with Tithonia tubaeformis leaves, stems, and whole plant.
Item		Control	Leaves	Stems	Whole plant
Ingredient (g kg⁻¹ of dry matter)
	Alfalfa	102	0	0	0
	Barley straw	101	100	107	92
	Corn	200	182	192	170
	Bran wheat	65	65	65	65
	Soybean husk	108	108	108	108
	Soybean meal	170	180	161	201
	Canola meal	39	39	40	39
	Sorghum	179	179	179	179
	Molasse	10	10	10	10
	Vitamin and mineral premix	25	25	25	25
	Tithonia tubaeformis	0	112	113	112
Calculated composition
	Crude protein (%)	16	16	16	16
	Crude fiber (%)	13	13	13	13
	Digestible energy (Mcal/kg)	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
	Neutral detergent fiber (%)	25.9	26.4	26.7	26.3
	Acid detergent fiber (%)	16.5	16.4	17	16.8
	Ca (%)	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
	P (%)	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2

Parameter	LAL	LAC	LALC	S	F	CL	HCC	LC	HC
LW	0.589^ P<0.01;	0.576^ P<0.01;	0.650^ P<0.01;	0.806^ P<0.01;	0.580^ P<0.01;	0.548^ P<0.01;	0.137	0.671^ P<0.01;	0.917^ P<0.01;
LAL		0.407^ P<0.01;	0.443^ P<0.01;	0.554^ P<0.01;	0.298	0.321^* * P<0.05.	0.144	0.423^ P<0.01;	0.490^ P<0.01;
LAC			0.739^ P<0.01;	0.521^ P<0.01;	0.177	0.364^* * P<0.05.	0.066	0.429^ P<0.01;	0.531^ P<0.01;
LALC				0.548^ P<0.01;	0.223	0.354^* * P<0.05.	0.002	0.497^ P<0.01;	0.571^ P<0.01;
S					0.487^ P<0.01;	0.583^ P<0.01;	0.281	0.652^ P<0.01;	0.790^ P<0.01;
F						0.033	0.161	0.473^ P<0.01;	0.679^ P<0.01;
CL							0.097	0.514^ P<0.01;	0.514^ P<0.01;
HCC								0.180	0.159
LCC									0.707^ P<0.01;

Variable	Treatment¹ 1 Control and treatments with Tithonia tubaeformis leaves, stems, and whole plant.
Variable	Leaves	Whole plant	Control	Stems
Empty body weight (EBW; g)	1919.40±91.36	2046.83±254.47	1931.12±298.84	2098.00±197.39
Dressing percentage (%)	60.07±2.33	60.48±4.00	59.86±2.68	60.07±1.34
Viscera (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	245.33±43.88	260.67±32.50	247.17±49.55	235.86±12.76
Full gastrointestinal tract weight (g)	187.31±35.19	193.85±27.61	183.59±40.44	177.19±5.55
Full bladder (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	5.46±3.26	2.67±0.77	5.33±3.79	3.98±2.14
Heart (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	3.22±0.61	3.09±0.38	2.79±0.39	3.03±0.32
Lungs (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	5.98±1.27	5.90±1.84	7.77±1.28	8.24±1.77
Spleen (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	0.73±0.30	0.49±0.06	0.59±0.22	0.48±0.04
Liver (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	37.42±16.25	45.34±5.43	41.88±12.25	37.35±9.03
Kidneys (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	6.12±1.14b	8.15±2.63a	6.67±1.39b	6.37±0.55b
Empty gastrointestinal tract weight (g)	83.05±12.10	95.64±9.41	87.88±11.51	85.67±3.51
Empty bladder (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	2.82±0.92	1.74±0.56	1.99±0.87	2.13±0.83
Cold carcass yield (%)	631.82±33.43	632.17±46.54	609.52±30.11	631.13±16.03
Kidney fat (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	16.60±3.92a	10.35±4.04b	13.38±4.21ab	12.90±1.04ab
Scapular fat weight (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	4.63±2.01	4.94±1.58	3.89±1.80	4.71±1.86
Head (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	60.50±5.69	60.80±8.03	62.51±6.99	61.98±7.23
Fore part weight (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	154.07±13.06	156.37±13.11	145.86±9.78	156.33±7.91
Intermediate part weight (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	71.51±7.70	69.69±11.72	62.46±5.83	67.21±4.08
Hind part weight (g.kg⁻¹ EBW)	110.88±7.84	111.16±11.76	117.93±9.96	116.19±8.30

Parameter	Treatment¹ 1 Control and treatments with Tithonia tubaeformis leaves, stems, and whole plant.
Parameter	Leaves	Whole plant	Control	Stems
Legs [g]	208.15±15.41	211.01±17.71	202.48±9.04	204.65±6.91
Meat (g.kg⁻¹ of leg)	765.08±21.49	737.73±40.21	743.83±26.94	739.90±61.64
Bone (g.kg⁻¹ of leg)	214.48±22.44	214.33±20.31	223.40±33.76	229.54±47.73
Fat (g.kg⁻¹ of leg)	6.43±3.46	5.85±3.15	10.45±2.73	10.97±3.46
pH	5.84±0.08a	5.83±0.07a	5.81±0.06a	5.75±0.04b
Water holding capacity (%)	21.39±5.53	24.09±7.36	22.98±6.31	22.14±6.32
L*	57.14±3.89b	57.94±5.23ab	57.64±3.66b	59.89±3.75a
a*	-0.30±1.23b	0.67±1.71a	-0.34±1.12b	-0.80±1.15b
b*	8.34±2.24bc	8.99±2.52ab	10.16±2.65a	7.65±2.84c
Cooking loss (%)	16.14±4.05	16.97±6.67	17.94±4.85	15.38±3.88
Hardness (N)	6.13±1.96bc	5.49±2.77c	7.51±2.52ab	7.61±2.79a
Resilience	0.18±0.05a	0.17±0.05a	0.11±0.05b	0.12±0.05b
Cohesiveness	0.47±0.06a	0.43±0.07b	0.35±0.07c	0.39±0.08bc
Springiness	2.33±0.31a	2.20±0.36ab	2.07±0.48b	2.05±0.38b

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[1] * Corresponding author: sotos@uaeh.edu.mx