Jennings et al. (2016)Jennings, T. D.; Gonda, M. G.; Underwood, K. R.; Wertz-Lutz, A. E. and Blair, A. D. 2016. The influence of maternal nutrition on expression of genes responsible for adipogenesis and myogenesis in the bovine fetus. Animal 10:1697-1705. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731116000665 https://doi.org/10.1017/S175173111600066...
A
|
85 to 180 d |
Upregulated in OVER: PREF-1**; µ-Calpain**; IGF-II*; upregulated in RES: CEBPB**; FAS*; MyoG**; IGF-II* |
PPARG; C/EBPA; SCD; MyoD; MyF5; MRF4; Myostatin; m-Calpain; Calpastatin; IGF-I
|
No effects on fetal weight, fiber area (μm2), fiber diameter (μm), or fiber number in longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus. |
Paradis et al. (2017)Paradis, F.; Wood, K. M.; Swanson, K. C.; Miller, S. P.; McBride, B. W. and Fitzsimmons, C. 2017. Maternal nutrient restriction in mid-to-late gestation influences fetal mRNA expression in muscle tissues in beef cattle. BMC Genomics 18:632. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-4051-5 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-4051-...
B
|
147 to 247 d |
Upregulated in RES longissimus dorsi: MyoD**; MyoG**; PPARG**; IGFI**; IGF1R**; IGF2R**; INSR** |
IGF2; MEF2A; SRF
|
No effects on fetal weight or crown-rump length. |
Marquez et al. (2017)Marquez, D. C.; Paulino, M. F.; Rennó, L. N.; Villadiego, F. C.; Ortega, R. M.; Moreno, D. S.; Martins, L. S.; De Almeida, D. M.; Gionbelli, M. P.; Manso, M. R.; Melo, L. P.; Moura, F. H. and Duarte, M. S. 2017. Supplementation of grazing beef cows during gestation as a strategy to improve skeletal muscle development of the offspring. Animal 11:2184-2192. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731117000982 https://doi.org/10.1017/S175173111700098...
C
|
MID = 30 to 180 d LATE = 181 to 281 d |
PPARA** = greater for MID and lower for LATE; FGF2** = greater for MID, lower for CON and LATE |
TGFβ1; COL1A1; FGF2R1; COL3A3; PPARG; MCDA; UCP3; PPKAA2; HADH; MYH7; PDK4; PGC1α; CPT1; ZFP423; C/EBPA
|
No effects on fiber area (μm2) or BW at birth and weaning. Greater number of muscle fibers for MID and lower for CON**. Greater ribeye area (cm2) for MID and LATE**. |
Gionbelli et al. (2018)Gionbelli, T. R. S.; Veloso, C. M.; Rotta, P. P.; Valadares Filho, S. C.; Carvalho, B. C.; Marcondes, M. I.; Cunha, C. S.; Novaes, M. A. S.; Prezotto, L. D.; Duarte, M. S. and Gionbelli, M. P. 2018. Foetal development of skeletal muscle in bovines as a function of maternal nutrition, foetal sex and gestational age. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102:545-556. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12786 https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12786...
D
|
60 to 139, 199, 241 or 268 d |
CTNNB**; ZFP423** and PPARG** = greater expression at 139 d for OVER; FN1** = greater for OVER |
MyoD; MyoG; C/EBPA; COL1A1; COL3A1; TGFβ1
|
Crude protein content in skeletal muscle (g/kg) greater for OVER**. No effects on fat content of skeletal muscle, intramuscular collagen deposition (percentage), or the number of myocytes. |
Rodrigues et al. (2020)Rodrigues, L. M.; Schoonmaker, J. P. S.; Resende, F. D.; Siqueira, G. R.; Machado Neto, O. R.; Gionbelli, M. P.; Gionbelli, T. R. S. and Ladeira, M. M. 2020. Effects of protein supplementation on Nellore cows’ reproductive performance, growth, myogenesis, lipogenesis and intestine development of the progeny. Animal Production Science 61:371-380. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN20498 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN20498...
E
|
124 to 270 d |
Birth: PPARG**, WNT10B**, CD36**, TGFβ1** = greater for SUP; 11 days of age: C/EBPA**; FABP4** = lower for SUP; weaning: PPARG*, ZFP423**; TGFβ1** = greater for SUP |
β-catenin; COL3A1; FN1; MyoD; MyoG; IGFR1; mTOR; MyHC1; MyHC2a; MyHC2x
|
Greater BW at birth for SUP**. No effects on BW at 120 and weaning. |
Costa et al. (2021a)F
|
100 to 200 d |
30 d: PAX7* and MHC2X** = greater for CON. 450 d: no effects. Maternal nutrition × offspring sex interactions: 30 d: ZFP423*; FN*; PDGFRα*; MHC1*; MHC2X*; LOX. 450 d: FN*; TGFβ*; MMP2*; MHC1*; COL1**; COL3**; MHC2X** |
30 d: C/EBPA; PPARG; TGFβ; COL1A1; COL3; P4Ha1; TIMP1; TIMP2; MHC1; MHC2A; 450 d: ZFP423; C/EBPA; PPARG; LOX; P4Ha1; TIMP1; TIMP2; PAX7; PDGFFRα; MHC1; MHC2A; MHC2X
|
Lower number of muscle fibers for CON**. Increase skeletal muscle collagen content for CON**. |