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Crustacea decapoda da praia rochosa da Ilha do Farol, Matinhos, Paraná: II. Distribuição espacial de densidade das populações

Resumo

Decapod crustaceans from rocky shore at Farol Isle, Matinhos, Paraná, Brazil. II. Spatial distribution of population densities. A study of the spatial distribution of the decapod populations from a rocky shore at Farol Isle, Matinhos, State of Paraná, Brazil (25º51'S, 48º32'W) was canied out. In the supralittoral the rocky surface is covered partially by a layer of litter coming from the terrestrial habitats; in the midlittoral boulders and pebbles cover the rocky basin and in the infralittoral, there is a belt of seaweeds. A total of 8 samples were taken by hand, two from each of the following levels: supralittoral (emersion time 8-12 hours), upper midlittoral (4-8), lower midlittoral (0-4) and limit between midlittoral and infralittoral, monthly, from May/1990 to April/1991. The number of species increased from supralittoral (5) to infralittoral (22) and a clear vertical zonation on density was observed according to the emersion time gradient. The supralittoral is characterized by grapsids Armases angustipes (Dana, (1852), Cyclograpsus integer H. Milne Edwards, 1837 and Metasesarma rubripes (Rathbun, 1897) which have terrestrial habits and aerial respiration as a main way in obtaining the oxygen. In the midlittoral, the decapods show three basic types of adaptation against emersion desiccation and thermal stresses: (1) by digging into wet mud among the stones such as Panopeus americanus Saussure, 1857, Panopeus occidentalis Saussure, 1857 and Eurypanopeus abbreviatus Stimpson, 1860, (2) by resting in shady and wet space between the boulders and pebbles or underside of them, like Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850), Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes, 1850) and adults of Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859 and (3) by clinging over the soaked filamentous algae layer on the pebbles or bouders surfaces, a strategy observed in small species such as Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley, 1879, Podochela sp., Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc, 1801 ), Alpheus bouvieri A. Milne Edwards, 1878 and juveniles of Menippe nodifrons. In the infralittoral, small species which are vulnerable to desiccation stresses share space by diversification of their diet and adaptation strategies such as camouflage, body color change according to the substratum, flattened body for tight adhesion on hard surface and rapid movements. The main species of this zone are Petrolisthes armatus, Petrolisthes galathinus, juveniles of Menippe nodifrons, Epialtus brasiliensis Dana, 1852, P. dasypodus, Synalpheus fritzmuelleri Coutière, 1909, Megalobrachium roseum (Rathbun, 1900) and species of Palaemonidae. The rocky shore at Farol Isle is a complex architectural environment due to the conjunction of diversified habitats such as litter over a hard surface, spaces and crevices among boulders and pebbles, muddy substratum and phytal.

Decapod crustacean; spatial density distribution; zonation; rocky shore; Farol Isle


Decapod crustacean; spatial density distribution; zonation; rocky shore; Farol Isle

Crustacea decapoda da praia rochosa da Ilha do Farol, Matinhos, Paraná. II. Distribuição espacial de densidade das populações1 1 Contribuição número 929 do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Setuko MasunariI; Janete Dubiaski-SilvaII

IDepartamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. E-mail: setmas@bio.ufpr.br

IIDoutoranda do Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, área de Zoologia. Bolsista do CNPq

ABSTRACT

Decapod crustaceans from rocky shore at Farol Isle, Matinhos, Paraná, Brazil. II. Spatial distribution of population densities. A study of the spatial distribution of the decapod populations from a rocky shore at Farol Isle, Matinhos, State of Paraná, Brazil (25º51'S, 48º32'W) was canied out. In the supralittoral the rocky surface is covered partially by a layer of litter coming from the terrestrial habitats; in the midlittoral boulders and pebbles cover the rocky basin and in the infralittoral, there is a belt of seaweeds. A total of 8 samples were taken by hand, two from each of the following levels: supralittoral (emersion time 8-12 hours), upper midlittoral (4-8), lower midlittoral (0-4) and limit between midlittoral and infralittoral, monthly, from May/1990 to April/1991. The number of species increased from supralittoral (5) to infralittoral (22) and a clear vertical zonation on density was observed according to the emersion time gradient. The supralittoral is characterized by grapsids Armases angustipes (Dana, (1852), Cyclograpsus integer H. Milne Edwards, 1837 and Metasesarma rubripes (Rathbun, 1897) which have terrestrial habits and aerial respiration as a main way in obtaining the oxygen. In the midlittoral, the decapods show three basic types of adaptation against emersion desiccation and thermal stresses: (1) by digging into wet mud among the stones such as Panopeus americanus Saussure, 1857, Panopeus occidentalis Saussure, 1857 and Eurypanopeus abbreviatus Stimpson, 1860, (2) by resting in shady and wet space between the boulders and pebbles or underside of them, like Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850), Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes, 1850) and adults of Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859 and (3) by clinging over the soaked filamentous algae layer on the pebbles or bouders surfaces, a strategy observed in small species such as Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley, 1879, Podochela sp., Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc, 1801 ), Alpheus bouvieri A. Milne Edwards, 1878 and juveniles of Menippe nodifrons. In the infralittoral, small species which are vulnerable to desiccation stresses share space by diversification of their diet and adaptation strategies such as camouflage, body color change according to the substratum, flattened body for tight adhesion on hard surface and rapid movements. The main species of this zone are Petrolisthes armatus, Petrolisthes galathinus, juveniles of Menippe nodifrons, Epialtus brasiliensis Dana, 1852, P. dasypodus, Synalpheus fritzmuelleri Coutière, 1909, Megalobrachium roseum (Rathbun, 1900) and species of Palaemonidae. The rocky shore at Farol Isle is a complex architectural environment due to the conjunction of diversified habitats such as litter over a hard surface, spaces and crevices among boulders and pebbles, muddy substratum and phytal.

Key words: Decapod crustacean, spatial density distribution, zonation, rocky shore, Farol Isle.

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AGRADECIMENTOS. Ao Prof. Dr. Gustavo A.S. de Melo, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, pela confirmação de identificação das espécies de Decapoda Brachyura constantes do presente trabalho, bem como pelo envio de espécimes depositados no referido Museu. Ao biólogo Marcelo M. Braga, responsável pelo Laboratório de Invertebrados, Museu do Capão da Imbuia, Curitiba, Paraná, pelo empréstimo de espécimes de Decapoda depositados no referido Museu. Ao biólogo André H.G. Sicuro e ao Prof. Dr. Joaquim O. Branco, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, pelo precioso auxílio nos trabalhos de coleta do material biológico. Ao Dr. Luís A. Foerster, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, pela correção do abstract.

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Recebido em 20.VII.1997; aceito em 29.VII.1998.

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  • ______. 1992. A review of the grapsid crab genus Sesarma (Crustacea: Decapoda: Grapsidae) in America, with the description of a new genus. Smithson. Contr. Zool. 527:1-60.
  • ABELE, L.G.; P.J. CAMPANELLA & M. SALMON. 1986. Natural history and social organization of the semiterrestrial grapsid crab Pachygrapsus transversas (Gibbes). Jour. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 104:153-170.
  • ABELE, L.G. & W. KIM. 1989. The decapod crustaceans of the Panama Canal. Smithson. Contr. Zool. 482:1-50.
  • AGNEW, D.J. & A.C. TAYLOR. 1986. Effects of oxygen tension, temperature, salinity, and humidity on the survival of two intertidal gammarid amphipods. Mar. Ecol. 32:27-33.
  • ANGER, K.; J. HARMS; M. MONTÚ & C. BAKKER. 1990. Effects of salinity on the larval development of a semiterrestrial tropical crab, Sesarma angustipes (Decapoda: Grapsidae). Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 62:89-94.
  • BARNES, R.S.K. & R.N. HUGHES. 1988. An introduction to marine ecology. London, Blackwell, 351p.
  • BEMVENUTI, C.E. 1987. Macrofauna bentônica da região estuarial da Lagoa dos Patos, RS, Brasil. In: I Simpósio sobre Ecossistemas da Costa Sul e Sudeste Brasileira; síntese dos conhecimentos. São Paulo, Publicações ACIESP, 54-I:428-459.
  • BERT, T.M. 1986. Speciation in western Atlantic stone crabs (genus Menippe): the role of geological processes and climatic events in the formation and distribution of species. Mar. Biol. 93:157-170.
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  • 1
    Contribuição número 929 do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná.
  • Datas de Publicação

    • Publicação nesta coleção
      10 Jul 2009
    • Data do Fascículo
      1998

    Histórico

    • Aceito
      29 Jul 1998
    • Recebido
      20 Jul 1997
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