Application of superphosphate complexed with humic acid in an area of sugarcane

Zavaschi, Eduardo; Ferraz-Almeida, Risely; Fária, Letícia Abreu; Otto, Rafael; Vitti, André César; Vitti, Godofredo Cesar

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20200010

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 51 (1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20200010 copy

Application of superphosphate complexed with humic acid in an area of sugarcane¹ 1 Trabalho extraído da Tese do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Universidade de São Paulo/USP - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”

Aplicações de superfosfato complexado com ácido húmico em área de cana-de-açúcar

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

In tropical soils, the efficiency of phosphorus (P) fertilization is low, due to P adsorption on the surface of the clay. Superphosphate complexed with humic acid (SSP+HA) is presented as an alternative for improving P use efficiency and crop yields. The aim of this study was to investigate SSP+HA performance in sugarcane production including increases in plant dry matter (DM) and P content. The experiment was conducted with two sources of P (simple superphosphate - SSP, SSP+HA) and five doses (0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha^-1 P₂O₅). The dose of 135 kg ha^-1 P₂O₅ was used to explain the residual effect of P, collecting soil samples from the plant cane and first ratoon. Stalk, top and root samples were collected to determine DM and P content; both variables were used to calculate the P assimilation efficiency (PaE). Results showed that the application of SSP increased the DM and P content of the plants, with superior performance compared to SSP+HA. PaE was greater under SSP+HA, indicating that P was metabolized more efficiently; however this did not reflect in an increase in DM. AThe P rates increased the sugarcane yield in cane plant, but there was no effect of P applied in the first ratoon due to the residual effect of P applied in planting. SSP presented superior performance compared to SSP + SH in sugarcane planting. Further research is needed to better demonstrate the effect of SSP+HA on the absorption and translocation of P.

Key words:
Soil fertilization; Phosphorus adsorption; Phosphorus dynamics

Soil	0.0 - 0.2 m	0.2 - 0.4 m	Fertilizer	SSP	SSP+HA
pH (CaCl₂)	5.6	5.5	Ca (%)	19.1	20.1
P (mg dm^-3)	13.1	9.1	Mg (%)	0.6	0.6
K (mmol_c dm^-3	3.5	3.1	S (%)	11.7	11.5
Ca (mmol_c dm^-3)	41.1	38.2	Total P₂O₅ (%)	19.5	19.1
Mg (mmol^c dm^-3)	26.1	22.2	P2O5 (H₂O, %)	14.9	15.4
S (mg dm^-3)	12.0	22.1	P₂O₅ (NAC+H₂O, %)	17.7	17.4
H+Al (mmol_c dm^-3)	31.2	38.1	P₂O₅ (CA, %)	18.4	18.5
CEC (%)	101.5	101.5	Organic carbon (%)	-	0.7

P dose/source	---------------------------- Dry matter ---------------------------			---------------- P content -----------------
	Roots	Stalks	Tops	Stalks	Tops
	g kg^-1 soil	------------------ Mg ha^-1-----------------		------------------ kg ha^-1 ------------------
P source
Control	9.8	31.8	6.2	10.7 c	5.7
SSP	11.2	34.9	6.0	15.4 a	5.7
SSP+HA	11.0	33.1	5.4	12.5 b	5.5
P dose (kg ha^-1)
0	9.8	31.8	6.2	10.7	5.7
45	11.0	31.8	5.1	11.4	5.2
90	11.2	35.4	5.8	14.7	5.8
135	11.1	33.8	5.6	14.5	5.6
180	11.0	35.0	6.3	14.9	5.7
p value
P source	0.13	≤ 0.1	≤ 0.1	≤ 0.1	0.58
P dose	0.38	≤ 0.1	≤ 0.1	≤ 0.1	0.30
P source*dose	0.63	≤ 0.1	≤ 0.1	0.27	≤ 0.1
CV (%)	14.1	8.5	10.9	16.1	20.2

P dose/source	--------------------------- Dry matter ----------------------------			----------------- P content ----------------
	Roots	Stalks	Tops	Stalks	Tops
	g kg^-1 soil	------------------ Mg ha^-1-----------------		------------------ kg ha^-1 ------------------
P sources
Control	9.1 b	31.1	5.5 b	10.3	4.6 b
SSP	10.9 a	33.9	7.1 a	8.7	6.0 a
SSP+HA	9.4 b	33.5	5.6 b	8.8	4.9 ab
P residual
45+90	8.6 b	31.4	5.3 b	8.1	4.4 b
90+45	11.1 a	34.4	7.3 a	9.4	6.3 a
135	10.7 ab	35.2	6.4 ab	8.8	5.4 ab
P value
P_source	≤ 0.1	0.71	≤ 0.1	0.54	≤ 0.1
P_{residualeffect}	≤ 0.1	0.48	≤ 0.1	0.49	≤ 0.1
P_{source*residual}	0.32	0.67	0.35	0.53	0.52
CV (%)	19.1	17.6	24.2	27.5	24.2

Treatment	Phosphorus content of the soil (mg dm^-3)
Treatment	0.0 - 0.2 m	0.2 - 0.4 m
P source
SSP	26.8 a	19.9
SSP+HA	22.6 b	18.1
Control	16.5 d	13.7 b
45+90	24.6 b	19.1 a
90+45	27.5 a	19.3 a
135	22.0 c	19.3 a
P value
P source	≤ 0.1	0.17
P residual effect	≤ 0.1	≤ 0.1
P source*residual effect	0.71	0.70
CV (%)	20.1	18.2

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Application of superphosphate complexed with humic acid in an area of sugarcane1 1 Trabalho extraído da Tese do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Universidade de São Paulo/USP - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”

Aplicações de superfosfato complexado com ácido húmico em área de cana-de-açúcar

ABSTRACT

Application of superphosphate complexed with humic acid in an area of sugarcane¹ 1 Trabalho extraído da Tese do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Universidade de São Paulo/USP - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”