Organic residue with high potassium content on sunflower cultivars

Moura, Maria da Conceição Freitas; Dutra, Alek Sandro; Grangeiro, Darlene Maia; Sousa, Wesley do Nascimento

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20180075

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Crop Science • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 49 (4) • Oct-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20180075 copy

Organic residue with high potassium content on sunflower cultivars¹ 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado da primeira autora apresentada na Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC

Resíduo orgânico de alto teor de potássio sobre cultivares de girassol

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The use of organic sources that include levels of potassium, in addition to having an influence on the achenes and on plant development, reduces production costs and has less impact on the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of fertilisation using organic residue generated by the coffee roasting process, which has a high level of potassium, on agronomic characteristics, production components and physiological quality of the achenes. The experimental design was a 2x4+2 factorial scheme, with two cultivars, four doses of organic residue (T₁=0, T₂=40, T₃=80 and T₄=120 kg K ha^-1), plus a control of potassium chloride at a dose of 60 kg K ha^-1 for each cultivar. The variables under analysis were plant height, stem diameter at ground level, capitulum diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, 1000-achene weight, productivity and oil content. The physiological quality of the achenes was also determined by the germination test, first germination count, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, shoot length, shoot dry weight and accelerated-ageing test. Fertilisation with organic residue is efficient for the agronomic characteristics and production components of the sunflower; doses of less than 40 kg K ha^-1 or over 70 kg K ha^-1 from the organic residue may have a negative effect on the physiological quality of sunflower achenes.

Key words:
Helianthus annuus L.; Fertiliser; Productivity; Achenes

Layer (cm)	pH	P	K	Na	Mg	Al	Ca	M.O	Sand	Silt	Clay
Layer (cm)	(mg kg^-1)			(cmolc kg^-1)			(g kg^-1)		(g kg^-1)
0-20 (2014)	5.8	10	0.13	0.11	0.80	0.10	1.00	7.55	370	64	153
20-40	5.9	3	0.12	0.17	0.80	0.15	1.00	5.79	366	59	242
0-20 (2015)	6.8	6	0.17	0.13	0.70	0.15	1.00	7.45	416	78	72
20-40	6.7	6	0.17	0.20	0.60	0.20	0.60	5.79	508	81	95

Chemical characteristics of the organic residue
N	(g kg^-1)								(mg kg^-1)
N	M.O	P	P2O5	K	K2O	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	Zn	Mn
12.9	331.2	7.1	16.3	83.3	101.6	48.6	28.7	4632.9	216.9	71.9	219.5

Cultivar	Days after sowing
Cultivar	60	75	90
BRS 323	20 a	17 a	12 a
BRS 122	18 a	14 b	11 a

Cultivar	Days after sowing
Cultivar	60	75	90
BRS 323	16 a	14 a	11 a
BRS 122	14 b	11 b	7 b

Cultivar	Days after sowing
Cultivar	60	75	90
BRS 122	15 a	13 a	10 a
BRS 323	11 b	13 a	10 a

SV	DF	CD	Prod.	1000-achene weight
SV	DF	F value
Contr. x Factors	1	0.55^ns ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	0.92^ns ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	2.48ns
Control	1	2.30^ns ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	4.80^* ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	1.93ns
Cultivar	1	5.85^* ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	5.37^* ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	41.05^** ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation
Dose	3	0.39^ns ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	1.39^ns ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	2.37ns
C x D	3	0.58^ns ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	1.33^ns ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	4.26^* ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation
Treatments	9	1.29^ns ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	2.14^ns ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	7.26^** ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation
Block	3	0.02^ns ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	14.11^ns ns, * and ** - Not significant and significant at 1% e 5%. SV= source of variation, DF= dgrees of freedom, CV= coefficient of variation	-
CV(%)		25.70	56.72	10.49

Cultivar	Production components
Cultivar	CD (mm)	PROD (kg ha^-1)
BRS 323	90.15 a	793.07 a
BRS 122	72.54 b	504.20 b

Cultivar	Cycle 1 (kg ha^-1)	Cycle 2 (kg ha^-1)
BRS 323	2395.00 a	787.80 a
BRS 122	1838.00 b	241.60 b

Cultivar	Dose (kg ha^-1)
Cultivar	0	40	80	120
BRS 122	59.75 a	67.25 a	74.00 a	57.50 a
BRS 323	50.50 a	49.50 b	50.50 b	53.75 a

SV	DF	FGC	SE	SEI	SL	SDW
SV	DF	Square root
Contr. x Factors	1	4.59*	5.32*	13.87**	0.07^ns	2.13^ns
Control	1	0.02^ns	0.36^ns	0.44^ns	5.81*	0.45^ns
Cultivar	1	1.11^ns	0.59^ns	0.29^ns	0.87^ns	11.37**
Dose	3	1.37^ns	2.43^ns	4.53**	7.02**	1.81^ns
C x D	3	0.53^ns	0.04^ns	1.41^ns	5.21**	0.05^ns
Treatment	9	1.27^ns	1.52^ns	3.60**	4.83^ns	2.17^ns
CV (%)		10.16	12.00	13.12	8.49	24.51

Cultivar	Cycle 1/ kg dose ha^-1
Cultivar	0	40	80	120
BRS 122	6.0 a	6.25 a	6.25 a	5.75 a
BRS 323	5.0 a	6.75 a	4.75 b	6.25 a
	Cycle 2/ kg dose ha^-1
BRS 122	7.0 a	7.25 a	6.75 a	6.0 a
BRS 323	5.25 b	6.75 a	5.75 b	6.75 a

Cultivar	Cycle 1/ kg dose ha^-1
Cultivar	0	40	80	120
BRS 122	6.0 a	6.25 a	6.25 a	5.75 a
BRS 323	5.0 a	6.75 a	4.75 b	6.25 a
	Cycle 2/ kg dose ha^-1
BRS 122	7.0 a	7.25 a	6.75 a	6.0 a
BRS 323	5.25 b	6.75 a	5.75 b	6.75 a

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Organic residue with high potassium content on sunflower cultivars1 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado da primeira autora apresentada na Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC

Resíduo orgânico de alto teor de potássio sobre cultivares de girassol

ABSTRACT

Organic residue with high potassium content on sunflower cultivars¹ 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado da primeira autora apresentada na Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC