Effect of strategies for controlling spontaneous plants on the quality of soil organic matter and soil fertility

Cabreira, Wilbert Valkinir; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio; Mendonça, Victória Maria Monteiro; Moreira, Ramon Pittizer; Santana, João Elvis da Silva; Leles, Paulo Sérgio dos Santos

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20210012

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 52 (1) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20210012 copy

Effect of strategies for controlling spontaneous plants on the quality of soil organic matter and soil fertility¹ 1 Pesquisa financiada pela Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/FAPERJ

Efeito das estratégias de controle de plantas espontâneas na qualidade da matéria orgânica e fertilidade do solo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Soil organic matter (SOM) and the chemical attributes of the soil are important indicators of soil quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of strategies for controlling spontaneous plants on SOM quality and soil fertility in an area of forest under restoration. Three methods for controlling spontaneous plants were established: i) mechanical (MCH), ii) chemical (CHM), and iii) chemical-cultural (CC), and evaluated using a randomized block design. After 13 months, soil samples were collected (0-10 cm) to determine basal respiration over 21 days, total organic carbon (TOC), labile carbon (LC), chemical fractions of the SOM [humine (H), humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA)], and soil fertility. On days 1, 3, and 7, higher values were seen for basal soil respiration, however, no differences were found between the control strategies. There was a small change in SOM quality and soil fertility. MCH showed higher values (up to 11%) for LC, due to the intense silvicultural management. After 13 months of application, each of the strategies for controlling spontaneous vegetation proved to be favorable in relation to SOM quality and soil fertility, especially for LC, due to its relationship with the accumulation or loss of SOM, and immediate response to changes in land use or management.

Keywords:
Basal respiration; Chemical fractionation of SOM; Forest restoration; Soil quality; Glyphosate

Layer (Horizon)	pH	Ca⁺²	Mg⁺²	Al⁺³	H+Al	P	K⁺	TOC	Texture	TS
	H₂O	--------- cmol_c dm^-3 --------				---- mg dm^-3 ----		g kg^-1
0-16 cm (A)	5.0	0.70	0.77	0.5	6.9	3.2	260	49	CLM	CLY
16-25 cm (BA)	4.6	0.15	0.11	1.5	6.3	1.1	24	24	SCL	MED
25-90 cm (Bw)	4.5	0.03	0.01	1.5	4.0	0.5	11	9	SCL	CLY

Date	MCH	CHM	CC
04/05/17	Cleaning	Application of herbicide	Application of herbicide
25/05/17	Planting the seedlings	Planting the seedlings	Planting the seedlings
06/06/17	Cutting	-	-
07/08/17	-	Application of herbicide	Application of herbicide
15/09/17	Cutting and cleaning	-	-
06/10/17	-	-	Planting the legumes
09/11/17	Cutting and cleaning	Application of herbicide	-
05/01/18	-	-	Pruning the legumes
21/02/18	Cutting and cleaning	Application of herbicide	-
12/04/18	Cutting and cleaning	-	Cutting the legumes

Time (days)	1	3	7	10	14	21
1	1
3	0.02	1
7	0.770	0.237	1
10	0.136	0.149	0.623	1
14	0.010	0.049	0.040	0.067	1
21	0.006	0.017	0.034	0.038	0.78	1

Treatment	pH	Ca⁺²	Mg⁺²	Al⁺³	H+Al	Na⁺	P	K⁺
Treatment	H₂O	----------------------------cmol_cdm³ ----------------------------					-------- mg dm^-3 --------
Mechanical	4.5 a (0.1)	1.2 a (0.5)	2.3 a (0.9)	0.5 a (0.3)	11.1 a (1.3)	0.1 a (0.0)	3.2 a (0.8)	131.4 a (48.4)
Chemical	4.2 b (0.3)	1.0 a (0.4)	2.1 a (0.6)	0.8 a (0.2)	10.3 a (1.8)	0.1 a (0.0)	3.5 a (1.4)	109.9 a (45.8)
Chemical-cultural	4.3 b (0.2)	0.9 a (0.3)	2.0 a (0.4)	0.8 a (0.2)	10.7 a (2.3)	0.1 a (0.0)	3.3 a (1.2)	87.0 a (9.3)

Treatment	COT	AF	AH	H	HA/FA	AE/H	LC mg kg^-1
Treatment	---------------------- g kg^-1---------------------				HA/FA	AE/H	LC mg kg^-1
Mechanical	59.9 a (7.9)	2.1 a (0.2)	2.7 a (0.7)	15.7 a (3.2)	1.3 a (0.3)	0.3 a (0.1)	89.7 a (2.2)
Chemical	56.0 a (5.7)	1.8 a (0.3)	2.1 a (0.9)	17.4 a (9.1)	1.2 a (0.3)	0.2 a (0.1)	80.5 b (5.2)
Chemical-cultural	57.7 a (10.8)	2.0 a (0.4)	2.2 a (0.9)	17.5 a (3.3)	1.1 a (0.3)	0.2 a (0.1)	81.5 b (3.9)

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Effect of strategies for controlling spontaneous plants on the quality of soil organic matter and soil fertility1 1 Pesquisa financiada pela Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/FAPERJ

Efeito das estratégias de controle de plantas espontâneas na qualidade da matéria orgânica e fertilidade do solo

ABSTRACT

Effect of strategies for controlling spontaneous plants on the quality of soil organic matter and soil fertility¹ 1 Pesquisa financiada pela Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/FAPERJ