Figure 1
Schematization of the automated soil water management system (DOMÍNGUEZ-NIÑO et al., 2020DOMÍNGUEZ-NIÑO, J. M. et al. Differential irrigation scheduling by an automated algorithm of water balance tuned by capacitance-type soil moisture sensors. Agricultural Water Management, v. 228, p. 1-11, 2020.)
Figure 2
Organization chart for the operation of the semi-automatic irrigation management system (SOUZA; CONCHESQUI; SILVA, 2019SOUZA, C. F.; CONCHESQUI, M. E. S.; SILVA, M. B. Semiautomatic irrigation management in tomato. Engenharia Agrícola, v. 39, n. esp, p. 118-125, 2019.)
Figure 3
A) Equipment used: GreenIQ® controller; B) Graphical interface of the soil irrigation management application and C) Alexa® personal assistant from Amazon® (SOUZA; CONCHESQUI; SILVA, 2019SOUZA, C. F.; CONCHESQUI, M. E. S.; SILVA, M. B. Semiautomatic irrigation management in tomato. Engenharia Agrícola, v. 39, n. esp, p. 118-125, 2019.)
Figure 4
Comparison of the real and imaginary dielectric constants for the composition of the apparent dielectric constant for different techniques (TDR and capacitance) in a saturated soil (SOUZA et al., 2016aSOUZA, C. F. et al. Monitoramento do teor de água no solo em tempo real com as técnicas de TDR e FDR. Irriga, v. 1, n. 1, p. 26-42, 2016a.)
Figure 5
A) Tektronix 1502 C reflectometer and WinTDR graphical interface; B) Monitoring of the electromagnetic wave propagation, where: X1 is the beginning and X2 is the end of the probe rod; and C) Detailing of TDR probe (SOUZA et al., 2006aSOUZA, C. F. et al. Calibração da Reflectometria no Domínio do Tempo (TDR) para a estimativa da concentração da solução no solo. Engenharia Agrícola, v. 26, n. 1, p. 282-291, 2006a.; SOUZA et al., 2006bSOUZA, C. F. et al. Sondas de TDR para a estimativa da umidade e da condutividade elétrica do solo. Irriga, v. 11, n. 1, p. 12-25, 2006b.)
Figure 6
Soil moisture profiles (m3 m-3) for drip irrigation with flow rates of 2 and 4 L h-1 (SOUZA; MATSURA, 2004SOUZA, C. F.; MATSURA, E. E. Distribuição da água no solo para o dimensionamento da irrigação por gotejamento. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v. 8, n. 1, p. 7-15, 2004.)
Figure 7
Hydraulic dosing pump (A) and automatic fertigation system (B)
Figure 8
Installation schemes for a NetaJet automatic fertigation system: inline (A), and in bypass with the system connected before and after the irrigation pump (B) and after the irrigation pump (C)
Figure 9
Fertigation controller panel (A) and detail of the program interface (B)
Figure 3
A) Equipment used: GreenIQ® controller; B) Graphical interface of the soil irrigation management application and C) Alexa® personal assistant from Amazon® (SOUZA; CONCHESQUI; SILVA, 2019SOUZA, C. F.; CONCHESQUI, M. E. S.; SILVA, M. B. Semiautomatic irrigation management in tomato. Engenharia Agrícola, v. 39, n. esp, p. 118-125, 2019.)
Figure 4
Comparison of the real and imaginary dielectric constants for the composition of the apparent dielectric constant for different techniques (TDR and capacitance) in a saturated soil (SOUZA et al., 2016aSOUZA, C. F. et al. Monitoramento do teor de água no solo em tempo real com as técnicas de TDR e FDR. Irriga, v. 1, n. 1, p. 26-42, 2016a.)
Figure 5
A) Tektronix 1502 C reflectometer and WinTDR graphical interface; B) Monitoring of the electromagnetic wave propagation, where: X1 is the beginning and X2 is the end of the probe rod; and C) Detailing of TDR probe (SOUZA et al., 2006aSOUZA, C. F. et al. Calibração da Reflectometria no Domínio do Tempo (TDR) para a estimativa da concentração da solução no solo. Engenharia Agrícola, v. 26, n. 1, p. 282-291, 2006a.; SOUZA et al., 2006bSOUZA, C. F. et al. Sondas de TDR para a estimativa da umidade e da condutividade elétrica do solo. Irriga, v. 11, n. 1, p. 12-25, 2006b.)
Figure 6
Soil moisture profiles (m3 m-3) for drip irrigation with flow rates of 2 and 4 L h-1 (SOUZA; MATSURA, 2004SOUZA, C. F.; MATSURA, E. E. Distribuição da água no solo para o dimensionamento da irrigação por gotejamento. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v. 8, n. 1, p. 7-15, 2004.)
Figure 7
Hydraulic dosing pump (A) and automatic fertigation system (B)
Figure 8
Installation schemes for a NetaJet automatic fertigation system: inline (A), and in bypass with the system connected before and after the irrigation pump (B) and after the irrigation pump (C)
Figure 9
Fertigation controller panel (A) and detail of the program interface (B)
Figure 10
Temporal and spatial ETc calculated using NDVI from Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 images for silage corn crop. Lighter values indicate lower water requirement and darker values indicate higher water demand. (Adapted from REYES-GONZÁLEZ et al., 2018REYES-GONZÁLEZ, A. et al. Estimation of crop evapotranspiration using satellite remote sensing-based vegetation index. Advances in Meteorology, v. 2018, p. 1-13, 2018.)
Figure 11
Example of spatial variability of soil water storage in agricultural area
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Source: gavish.intercallchat.info and cannapro.com
Source: netafim.com
Source: hidrosense.com.br
