Morphological and productive aspects of lettuce in low altitude and latitude

Cardoso, Sara Santos; Guimarães, Marcelo de Almeida; Lemos Neto, Hozano de Souza; Tello, Jean Paulo de Jesus; DoVale, Júlio César

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20180073

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Crop Science • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 49 (4) • Oct-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20180073 copy

Morphological and productive aspects of lettuce in low altitude and latitude¹ 1 Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso da primeira autora apresentado ao Curso de Agronomia da Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC

Aspectos morfológicos e produtivos de cultivares de alface em baixa altitude e latitude

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Lettuce is considered a crop of mild climate and its production in regions of low altitude and latitude is impaired due to the high temperatures and the predominance of long days. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of lettuce cultivars in such conditions. An experiment was conducted at the Horta Didática of the Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, in Fortaleza. Nine lettuce cultivars from three commercial groups were used and distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The following qualitative traits were evaluated: bolting, head formation, leaf texture, anthocyanin and phytosanitary status for pest and disease infestation. Regarding the quantitative traits, plant height, plant diameter, fresh marketable weight (FMW), and non-marketable (FNMW) total fresh weight (TFW), dry marketable weight (DMW) and non-marketable (DNMW), total dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a/b ratio. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and, later, grouping test was performed. None of the cultivars presented head formation but all presented early bolting. The cultivars showed no difference for FMW, however, Babá de Verão produced almost 72% more than Repolhuda Brasil from the same group. Regarding FMW, the most productive cultivars were Babá de Verão, Crespa para Verão, Americana Delícia, Crespa Repolhuda and Kaiser. However, Babá do Verão and Crespa stood out for DMW.

Key words:
Lactuca sativa L.; Bolting; Yield; Commercial groups

Parameters	O.C	B1	B2	B3	B4
N (g kg^-1)	4,40	2,20	3,00	2,90	2,20
P (mg dm^-3)	983	1246	1061	783	656
K+ (mg dm^-3)	1400	301	426	470	329
Na+ (mg dm^-3)	22,00	64,00	95	168	85
Ca2+ (cmolc dm^-3)	11,20	10,50	8,40	8,20	6,20
Mg2+ (cmolc dm^-3)	10,80	8,00	6,20	3,30	5,00
Al3+ (cmolc dm^-3)	0,00	0,10	0,00	0,00	0,05
pH in H₂O	7,40	7,10	7,00	7,10	7,40
CEC (cmolc dm^-3)	23,42	18,87	15,12	12,14	11,61
EC (dS m^-1)	1,00	0,93	0,69	0,78	1,03

Cultivar	Beginning of bolting	Head formation	Type of lettuce1	Anthocyanin	Disease	Pest
Babá de Verão Manteiga(I)	52	Absent	Loose Smooth	Absent	5	5
Repolhuda Brasil 303(I)	52	Absent	Loose Smooth	Absent	5	5
Crespa para Verão(II)	52	Absent	Loose Crisp	Absent	5	5
Marianne(II)	52	Absent	Loose Crisp	Absent	4	5
Elba(II)	52	Absent	Loose Crisp	Absent	5	5
Americana(III)	53	Absent	Loose Crisp	Absent	4	4
Americana Delícia(III)	54	Absent	Loose Crisp	Absent	5	3
Crespa Repolhuda(III)	52	Absent	Loose Crisp	Absent	5	4
Kaiser(III)	54	Absent	Loose Crisp	Absent	5	4

SV	DF	Mean squares
SV	DF	PH	PD	CLORa	CLORb	CLOR ab
Cultivar (C)	(8)	10.54^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	26.05^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	42.87^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	2.12^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	0.73^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test
Group (G)	2	10.06^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	26.26^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	142.03^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	6.69^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	2.28^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test
C/G	6	10.69^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	25.98^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	9.82^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	0.60^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	0.21^ns
C/GI	1	1.04^ns ns not significant	21.26^* ** and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	0.06^ns ns not significant	0.05^ns ns not significant	0.27^ns ns not significant
C/GII	2	1.40^ns ns not significant	33.32**	0.29^ns ns not significant	0.01^ns ns not significant	0.02^ns ns not significant
C/GIII	3	20.12^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	22.66^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	19.44^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	1.17^ and * significant at 1 and at 5% probability, respectively, by the F test	0.32^ns ns not significant
Resíduo	24	0.94	3.44	1.83	0.02	0.13
Mean		6.06	30.06	17.15	2.79	6.26
CVe (%)		15.97	6.17	7.89	5.33	5.68

SV	DF	Mean Squares
SV	DF	FMW	FNMW	TFW	DMW	DNMW	TDW
Cultivar (C)	(8)	317.03^ns ns not significant	135.07^* ** and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test	396.27^* ** and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test	0.96^ and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test	0.98^* ** and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test	1.74^* ** and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test
Group (G)	2	61.44^ns ns not significant	232.54^* ** and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test	84.33^ns ns not significant	0.40^ns ns not significant	0.98^ns ns not significant	0.17^ns ns not significant
C/G	6	402.23^ns ns not significant	102.58^ns ns not significant	500.24^ and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test	1.15^ and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test	0.99^* ** and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test	2.27^ and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test
C/GI	1	2145.13^ and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test	2.00^ns ns not significant	2016.13^ and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test	5.75^ and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test	0.03^ns ns not significant	4.99^ and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test
C/GII	2	80.77^ns ns not significant	46.94^ns ns not significant	250.77^ns ns not significant	0.29^ns ns not significant	0.12^ns ns not significant	0.77^ns ns not significant
C/GIII	3	35.57^ns ns not significant	173.19^* ** and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test	161.26^ns ns not significant	0.19^ns ns not significant	1.88^ and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test	2.36^* ** and* significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively by the F test
Residue	24	202.68	44.07	137.29	0.22	0.40	0.61
Mean		62.23	15.21	77.44	3.27	1.06	4.33
CVe (%)		22.88	43.65	15.13	14.49	59.38	18.05

Cultivars	PH	Traits
Cultivars	PH	PD	CLOR a	CLOR b	CLOR ab
Babá de Verão Manteiga (I)	7.28 aB	30.35 aB	16.88 aC	2.63 aD	6.44 aA
Repolhuda Brasil 303 ^(I) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars of the comercial groups I, II and III, respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences between cultivars of the same commercial group	6.56 aB	27.09 bB	16.71 aC	2.47 aD	6.80 aA
Crespa para Verão ^(II) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars of the comercial groups I, II and III, respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences between cultivars of the same commercial group	6.78 aB	34.41 aA	13.40 aD	2.07 aE	6.49 aA
Marianne ^(II) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars of the comercial groups I, II and III, respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences between cultivars of the same commercial group	7.05 aB	28.67 bB	13.90 aD	2.13 aE	6.53 aA
Elba ^(II) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars of the comercial groups I, II and III, respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences between cultivars of the same commercial group	5.92 aB	32.07 aA	13.47 aD	2.04 aE	6.64 aA
Americana ^(III) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars of the comercial groups I, II and III, respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences between cultivars of the same commercial group	4.63 bC	32.90 Aa	22.82 aA	4.18 aA	5.49 aB
Americana Delícia ^(III) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars of the comercial groups I, II and III, respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences between cultivars of the same commercial group	4.50 bC	27.35 bB	20.53 bB	3.44 bB	5.99 aB
Crespa Repolhuda ^(III) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars of the comercial groups I, II and III, respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences between cultivars of the same commercial group	8.48 aA	28.72 bB	17.67 cC	2.89 cC	6.15 aB
Kaiser ^(III) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars of the comercial groups I, II and III, respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) and showed global differences between cultivars of the same commercial group	3.33 cC	29.02 bB	19.03 bB	3.27 bB	5.84 aB

Cultivar	Traits
Cultivar	FMW	FNMW	TFW	DMW	DNMW	TDW
Babá de Verão Manteiga ^(I) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars belonging to commercial groups I, II and III respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among cultivars of the same commercial group	78.38 aA	11.88 aB	90.25 aA	4.28 aA	0.86 aB	5.14 aA
Repolhuda Brasil 303 ^(I) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars belonging to commercial groups I, II and III respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among cultivars of the same commercial group	45.63 bA	12.88 aB	58.50 bB	2.59 bB	0.97 aB	3.56 bB
Crespa para Verão ^(II) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars belonging to commercial groups I, II and III respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among cultivars of the same commercial group	69.75 aA	15.63 aB	85.38 aA	3.68 aA	1.02 aB	4.73 aA
Marianne ^(II) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars belonging to commercial groups I, II and III respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among cultivars of the same commercial group	63.25 aA	10.50 aB	73.75 aB	3.16 aB	0.74 aB	3.90 aB
Elba ^(II) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars belonging to commercial groups I, II and III respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among cultivars of the same commercial group	61.13 aA	9.13 aB	70.25 aB	3.30 aB	0.70 aB	3.99 aB
Americana ^(III) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars belonging to commercial groups I, II and III respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among cultivars of the same commercial group	61.56 aA	9.69 bB	71.25 aB	3.31 aB	0.72 bB	4.03 bB
Americana Delícia ^(III) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars belonging to commercial groups I, II and III respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among cultivars of the same commercial group	58.88 aA	24.81 aA	83.69 aA	2.92 aB	1.11 bB	4.02 bB
Crespa Repolhuda ^(III) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars belonging to commercial groups I, II and III respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among cultivars of the same commercial group	64.13 aA	21.25 aA	85.38 aA	3.27 aB	2.31 aA	5.58 aA
Kaiser ^(III) (I), (II) e (III) cultivars belonging to commercial groups I, II and III respectively; Means followed by the same capital letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among all cultivars; Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column did not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and showed global differences among cultivars of the same commercial group	57.38 aA	21.13 aA	78.50 aA	2.92 aB	1.16 bB	4.08 bB

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Morphological and productive aspects of lettuce in low altitude and latitude1 1 Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso da primeira autora apresentado ao Curso de Agronomia da Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC

Aspectos morfológicos e produtivos de cultivares de alface em baixa altitude e latitude

ABSTRACT

Morphological and productive aspects of lettuce in low altitude and latitude¹ 1 Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso da primeira autora apresentado ao Curso de Agronomia da Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC