The use of X-ray to evaluate <i>Brachiaria brizantha</i> seeds quality during seed processing

Jeromini, Tatiane Sanches; Martins, Cibele Chalita; Pereira, Francisco Elder Carlos Bezerra; Gomes, Francisco Guilhien

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20190052

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Crop Science • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 50 (3) • Jul-Sep 2019 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20190052 copy

The use of X-ray to evaluate Brachiaria brizantha seeds quality during seed processing¹ 1 Parte da Dissertação do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal - Universidade Estadual Pauista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”/UNESP e CNPq que concedeu financiamento ao primeiro autor

Raios X na avaliação da qualidade de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha durante o beneficiamento

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The X-ray test permits the visualization of the internal structures of seeds in a non-destructive way making thus possible the diagnosis of causes of seed low germination and purity. The objective of this project was to evaluate the quality of Brachiaria brizantha seeds by means of the X-ray test and the effect of the processing stage. The seeds were sampled before processing and after going through the air and screen machine, and the first and the second gravity tables. Seeds were evaluated as to water content, purity, weight of a thousand seeds, germination, and the X-ray test. The treatment replications were distributed according to a complete random design with four replications. The X-ray test permit to verify the completely full seeds as well as deteriorated, hollow, mechanically damaged seeds and empty spikelets. The processing procedure caused no damage to the seeds. The analysis by means of X-ray is a quality control procedure resulting in information that can be used in the adjustments of processing machines.

Key words:
Forage grasses; Image analysis; Marandu; Germination

Seed processing	P	WC	G	OTSW (g)
Seed processing	------------------------------ (%) -------------------------------			OTSW (g)
T1 - Check treatment (non processed)	38.7 c	8.9	66.2 b	8.9 b
T2 - Upper screen of ASM1	0.0 e	-	-	-
T3 - Intermediate screen of ASM	45.8 c	9.0	77.2 ab	8.5 b
T4 - Bottom of ASM	0.0 e	-	-	-
T5 - Light material of GT I1	0.0 e	-	-	-
T6 - Upper discharge apout GT I	4.2 e	9.2	86.7 a	10.2 a
T7 - Intermediate discharge apout GT I	90.7 a	8.9	80.5 a	9.9 a
T8 - Upper discharge spout GT II	77.9 b	9.0	50.5 c	7.9 c
T9 - Intermediate discharge spout GT II	19.1 d	8.9	37.5 d	7.1 d
T10 - Lower discharge spout GT II1	0.1 e	-	-	-
F tratament	651.90^ Significant at the level of 1% of probability by the F test. Means in the same column, followed by the same letter, are not significantly different at the level of 5% ofprobability, according to the Tukey test. ASM - air and screen machine, GT I - first gravity table, GT II - second gravity table. 1 With the exception of the purity analysis, all the other quality evaluations were not made for those treatments due to the lack of seeds		54.02^ Significant at the level of 1% of probability by the F test. Means in the same column, followed by the same letter, are not significantly different at the level of 5% ofprobability, according to the Tukey test. ASM - air and screen machine, GT I - first gravity table, GT II - second gravity table. 1 With the exception of the purity analysis, all the other quality evaluations were not made for those treatments due to the lack of seeds	82.00^ Significant at the level of 1% of probability by the F test. Means in the same column, followed by the same letter, are not significantly different at the level of 5% ofprobability, according to the Tukey test. ASM - air and screen machine, GT I - first gravity table, GT II - second gravity table. 1 With the exception of the purity analysis, all the other quality evaluations were not made for those treatments due to the lack of seeds
d.m.s.	7.53		11.37	0.54
C.V. (%)	6.88		7.56	4.16

Seed processing	Full seeds	Deteriorated tissue	Mal-formaded	Empty
Seed processing	------------------------------------------ (%) -------------------------------------------
T1 - Check treatment (non processed)	77.0 b	7.5 ab	9.0 ab	4.5 abc
T2 - Upper screen of ASM1	-	-	-	-
T3 - Intermediate screen of ASM	72.5 b	7.5 ab	11.0 b	8.5 c
T4 - Bottom of ASM	-	-	-	-
T5 - Light material of GT I1	-	-	-	-
T6 - Upper discharge apout GT I	95.0 a	2.5 a	1.5a	0.0 a
T7 - Intermediate discharge apout GT I	87.0 a	6.0 ab	6.0 ab	0.0 a
T8 - Upper discharge spout GT II	48.5 c	12.5 b	36.0 c	2.5 ab
T9 - Intermediate discharge spout GT II	17.0 d	6.5 ab	70.0 d	6.5 bc
T10 - Lower discharge spout GT II1	-	-	-	-
F tratament	168.09^ , *, ns Significant at the level of 1%, 5% and not significant of probability by the F test. Means in the same column, followed by the same letter, are not significantly different at the level of 5% of probability, according to the Tukey test. ASM - air and screen machine, GT I - first gravity table, GT II - second gravity table. 1 With the exception of the purity analysis, all the other quality evaluations were not made for those treatments due to the lack of seeds	3.37^* *, , ns Significant at the level of 1%, 5% and not significant of probability by the F test. Means in the same column, followed by the same letter, are not significantly different at the level of 5% of probability, according to the Tukey test. ASM - air and screen machine, GT I - first gravity table, GT II - second gravity table. 1 With the exception of the purity analysis, all the other quality evaluations were not made for those treatments due to the lack of seeds	167.56^ , *, ns Significant at the level of 1%, 5% and not significant of probability by the F test. Means in the same column, followed by the same letter, are not significantly different at the level of 5% of probability, according to the Tukey test. ASM - air and screen machine, GT I - first gravity table, GT II - second gravity table. 1 With the exception of the purity analysis, all the other quality evaluations were not made for those treatments due to the lack of seeds	10.53^ , *, ns Significant at the level of 1%, 5% and not significant of probability by the F test. Means in the same column, followed by the same letter, are not significantly different at the level of 5% of probability, according to the Tukey test. ASM - air and screen machine, GT I - first gravity table, GT II - second gravity table. 1 With the exception of the purity analysis, all the other quality evaluations were not made for those treatments due to the lack of seeds
d.m.s.	9.38	1.67	8.58	1.50
C.V. %	9.50	39.34	25.86	56.12

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