Desempenho de semeadora-adubadora em preparo reduzido de solo: sulcadores, velocidades e profundidades de semeadura do milho

Souza, Cristiano Márcio Alves de; Canteiro, Nélio Rodrigo Ojeda; Coaresma, Mateus de Oliveira; Arcoverde, Salvio Napoleão Soares; Maciak, Paulo Alexandre Graciano

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 53 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20220014 copiar

Desempenho de semeadora-adubadora em preparo reduzido de solo: sulcadores, velocidades e profundidades de semeadura do milho

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A busca pela otimização dos sistemas agrícolas, por meio da adequação dos conjuntos mecanizados na semeadura do milho, é essencial visando a melhoria do desempenho operacional, da eficiência energética e do estabelecimento inicial da cultura. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de uma semeadora-adubadora e a qualidade da semeadura do milho, em Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico manejado sob preparo reduzido, em função do tipo de sulcador, da profundidade de deposição da semente e da velocidade da operação de semeadura. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com três repetições, sendo as parcelas o tipo de mecanismo sulcador (haste sulcadora ou disco-duplo) e as subparcelas três velocidades de deslocamento (3,20; 5,15; 7,32 km h^-1) e duas profundidades de semeadura (35 e 40 mm). A melhor qualidade de semeadura do milho segunda safra, a menor exigência de força na barra de tração do trator, os menores consumos específico e horário de combustível e a menor taxa de redução de percurso são obtidos quando o disco-duplo e a profundidade de deposição de sementes de 35 mm são usados na configuração do conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora. A adoção de velocidades de deslocamento maiores resulta em aumento das capacidades de campo operacional e efetiva, bem como menor demanda energética na semeadura do milho quando o conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora desenvolve velocidade próximo ou superior a 7,32 km h^-1, independentemente do sulcador e da profundidade do solo.

Palavras-chave:
Qualidade de semeadura; Produção vegetal; Manejo do solo; Demanda energética

SV	DF	Mean square
SV	DF	SEI	SE	NOR	DNL	GAP	FCe	FCo
Fu	1	0.4032^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	401.334^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	814.151^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	42.453	492.100^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	0.0584	0.0665
Error(a)	4	0.0448	30.629	130.569	70.301	88.291	0.1841	0.1539
V	2	0.0340	9.366	248.814	52.975	109.345	10.635^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	6.9808^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom
V×Fu	2	0.0474	28.066	29.501	11.675	57.103	0.0605	0.0508
P	1	0.0434	32.111	676.0^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	1.913	607.622	0.0111	0.0089
P×V	2	0.27×10^-5	2.250	0.711	16.133	19.213	0.0106	0.0089
P×Fu	1	0.0092	5.126	273.463	59.375	119.415	0.0214	0.0130
Fu×V×P	2	0.0075	1.335	0.411	24.585	25.935	0.0025	0.0015
Residuals	20	0.0424	19.889	134.916	36.447	165.171	0.0599	0.0493
Furrowers
Double-disk		3.27 a	81.18 a	51.74 a	6.35 a	51.42 a	2.39 a	1.35 a
Shank		3.06 b	74.50 b	42.23 b	4.23 a	44.03 b	2.31 a	1.26 a
Sowing speed (km h^-1)
3.20		3.18 a	78.18 a	46.01 a	4.34 a	49.63 a	1.44 c	0.60 c
5.15		3.23 a	79.15 a	45.40 a	7.53 a	47.07 a	2.32 b	1.21 b
7.32		3.10 a	76.20 a	49.54 a	4.00 a	46.48 a	3.30 a	2.09 a
Sowing depth (mm)
35		3.21 a	78.78 a	51.32 a	5.06 a	43.62 a	2.37 a	1.33 a
40		3.14 a	76.90 a	42.65 b	5.52 a	51.83 a	2.33 a	1.28 a

SV	DF	Mean square
SV	DF	Fb	Pm	EPH	Ch	Cs	s
Su	1	0.0487	3.6269	0.9487	3.8993	38265.88^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	57.557**
Error(a)	4	1.7947	8.7076	13.975	1.5993	2964.733	13.410
V	2	12.878	957.64^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	80.997^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	190.298**	26827.77	660.23^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom
V×Su	2	6.1606	65.208	18.536	17.7231**	30040.67	36.657
P	1	21.814^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	180.48^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	61.426	1.5260	70198.50^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	103.63^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom
P×V	2	3.0637	24.801	11.488	2.6453	7755.443	271.16**
P×Fu	1	98.937^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	360.01^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	435.05^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	0.00004	897724.7**	1.1306
Fu×V×P	2	3.3918	2.6261	30.805	2.2104	13493.44	19.692
Residuals	20	4.2399	34.155	15.157	2.3974	13629.1	22.322
Furrowers
Double-disk		7.15 a	17.11 a	13.68 a	10.4 a	530.9 b	15.9 b
Shank		7.23 a	16.48 a	14.00 a	11.1 a	596.1 a	18.4 a
Sowing speed (km h^-1)
3.20		7.15 a	10.06 b	16.81 a	7.33 c	597.15 a	12.3 b
5.15		6.84 a	15.48 b	13.02 ab	9.88 b	584.07 a	13.5 b
7.32		7.58 a	24.85 a	11.69 b	15.1 a	509.50 a	25.7 a
Sowing depth(mm)
35		7.11 b	17.12 a	13.54 a	10.57 a	519.42 b	15.49 b
40		7.27 a	16.48 b	14.13 a	10.98 a	607.73 a	18.88 a

Furrower	Sowing depth
Furrower	35 mm	40 mm
	Drawbar force (kN)
Double-disk	4.87 aB	9.43 bA
Shank	4.79 aB	9.66 aA
	Engine power
Double-disk	11.08 aB	23.15 aA
Shank	11.08 aB	21.88 bA
	Energy demand (kWh ha^-1)
Double-disk	9.48 aB	17.87 bA
Shank	9.22 bB	18.78 aA
	Specific fuel consumption (g kWh^-1)
Double-disk	417.22 bB	798.26 aA
Shank	644.73 aA	394.11 bB

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