Selection index for recommendation of cowpea cultivars for green bean production

Melo, Leane Fialho de; Silva, Tamiris Pereira da; Pereira, Jéssica Soares; Vale, Júlio César do; Bertini, Cândida Hermínia Campos Magalhães

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20210043

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 52 (03) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20210043 copy

Selection index for recommendation of cowpea cultivars for green bean production¹ 1 Part of the first author’s doctoral thesis presented to the Graduate Program in Agronomy/Plant Production Science, Federal University of Ceará (UFC)

Índice para recomendação de cultivares de feijão-caupi aptos a produção de grãos verdes

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

- Cowpea is one of the main food crops in the Northeast region of Brazil, thus, breeders have carried out researches to identify genotypes with good production response and attributes that satisfy growers and consumer market demands for green beans and pods. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop a selection index that assists in the recommendation of cowpea cultivars for green bean production and select the best genotypes based on this index. Twenty cowpea genotypes, including lines and cultivars, were evaluated for eleven characters in five locations in the state of Ceará, Brazil: Acaraú, Pentecoste, Crato, Mauriti, and Madalena. A randomized block design was used, with four replications. The characters evaluated were: number of days for the beginning of flowering (NDF), number of days for maturation (NDM), plant height (PH), green pod length (GPL), number of beans per green pod (NBP), green pod weight (GPW), bean weight per green pod (BWP), one hundred green bean weight (100GBW), bean index (BI), green pod yield (GPY), and green bean yield (GBY). The results of the characters were subjected to analysis of relative importance, estimated by principal component analysis and analysis of factors, and used to develop selection indexes. The following index was obtained: I₃ = 0.079 NDF - 0.083 PH + 0.119 GPL + 0.034 GPW - 0.176 100GBW + 0.340 GPY. This index indicated that the genotypes MNC05-847B-123, Azulão-MS, MNC00-595F-27, MNC99-541F-15, MNC05-835B-16, and MNC00-595F-2 are the most promising for green bean production.

Keywords:
Vigna unguiculata ; Cowpea breeding; Simultaneous selection

	Genotype	Parent/Origin	Commercial subclass
1	MNC00-586F-303-9⁽¹⁾ (1) Line;	Capela × IT85F-2687	Green
2	MNC00-595F-2⁽¹⁾ (1) Line;	BRS-Bragança × GV-10-91-1-1	Green
3	MNC00-595F-27⁽¹⁾ (1) Line;	BRS-Bragança × GV-10-91-1-1	Green
4	MNC05-835B-15⁽¹⁾ (1) Line;	MNC00-599F-2 × MNC99-537F-14-2	Green
5	MNC05-835B-16⁽¹⁾ (1) Line;	MNC00-599F-2 × MNC99-537F-14-2	Green
6	MNC05-841B-49⁽¹⁾ (1) Line;	MNC00-599F-9 × MNC99-537F-14-2	Green
7	MNC05-847B-123⁽¹⁾ (1) Line;	MNC00-599F-11 × MNC99-537-14-2	Green
8	MNC05-847B-126⁽¹⁾ (1) Line;	MNC00-599F-11 × MNC99-537-14-2	Green
9	MNC99-541F-15⁽¹⁾ (1) Line;	TE93-210-13F × TE96-282-22G	White
10	BRS Guariba⁽²⁾	IT85F-2687 × TE87-98-8G	White
11	BRS Tumucumaque⁽²⁾ (2) Cultivar;	TE96-282-22G × IT87D-611-3	White
12	BRS Xiquexique⁽²⁾ (2) Cultivar;	TE87-108-6G × TE87-98-8G	White
13	Paulistinha⁽²⁾ (2) Cultivar;	Juazeiro-CE	Canapu
14	Vagem Roxa-THE⁽²⁾ (2) Cultivar; ^* * Control.	Teresina-PI	White
15	Azulão-MS⁽²⁾ (2) Cultivar; ^* * Control.	Dourados-MS	Azulão
16	Sempre Verde-CE⁽²⁾ (2) Cultivar; ^* * Control.	Fortaleza-CE	Sempre-Verde
17	BRS Aracê⁽²⁾ (2) Cultivar;	MNC-599F-11 × MNC99-537F-14-2	Green
18	Pingo-de-Ouro-1-2⁽¹⁾ (1) Line;	Iguatu-CE	Canapu
19	MNC02-701F-2⁽¹⁾ (1) Line;	TE93-210-13F × (TE96-282-22G × Costelão)	White
20	MNC99-510F-16-1⁽¹⁾ (1) Line;	Paulista × TE90-180-88F	Sempre-Verde

Source of variation	DF	NDF	NDM	PH	GPL	NBP	GPW
Blocks	3	2.576	1.816	36.306	5.022	8.691	2.265
Genotype (G)	19	12.226^ significant at p<0.01,	15.577^ significant at p<0.01,	6.295^ significant at p<0.01,	10.5317^ significant at p<0.01,	16.575^ significant at p<0.01,	21.363^ significant at p<0.01,
Environment (E)	4	1007.83^ significant at p<0.01,	820.896 ^ significant at p<0.01,	2150.51^ significant at p<0.01,	31.663^ significant at p<0.01,	69.928^ significant at p<0.01,	38.070^ significant at p<0.01,
G × E	76	4.218^ significant at p<0.01,	6.242^ significant at p<0.01,	9.437^ns ns not significant by the F test.	2.931^ significant at p<0.01,	3.019^ significant at p<0.01,	2.319^ significant at p<0.01,
Residue	297	2.418	2.387	8.640	1.835	2.107	1.526
Mean		43.5	56.3	23.45	21.38	14.31	7.32
CV (%)		3.6	2.7	15.5	6.3	10.1	16.9
Source of variation	DF	BWP	BI	100GBW	GPY	GBY
Blocks	3	0.663	174.169	20.011	1894760.6	368832.1
Genotype (G)	19	5982^ significant at p<0.01,	380.397^ significant at p<0.01,	355.742^ significant at p<0.01,	1911194.3 ^ significant at p<0.01,	828533.9 ^ significant at p<0.01,
Environment (E)	4	8726^ significant at p<0.01,	720.694^ significant at p<0.01,	89.670^ significant at p<0.01,	25135715.4^ significant at p<0.01,	9905440.7^* * significant at p<0.05, and
G × E	76	0.699^* * significant at p<0.05, and	60.370^ significant at p<0.01,	22.891^* * significant at p<0.05, and	533190.4^ significant at p<0.01,	248812.9 ^ significant at p<0.01,
Residue	297	0.520	37.20764	15.476	349726.1	158262.3
Mean		5.07	70.44	35.710	1489.0	926.45
CV (%)		14.2	8.7	11.1	39.7	32.9

	NDM	PH	GPL	NBP	GPW	BWP	BI	100GBW	GPY	GBY
NDF	0.87^ significant at p<0.01,	-0.77^ significant at p<0.01,	-0.25^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	0.07	0.06	-0.08	-0.23^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	-0.16	0.09	0.11
NDM		-0.51^ significant at p<0.01,	-0.28^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	0.06	0.06	-0.02	-0.13	-0.08	-0.06	-0.06
PH			0.28^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	0.15	0.16	0.33^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	0,17	0.26^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	0.04	-0.02
GPL				0.55^ significant at p<0.01,	0.56^ significant at p<0.01,	0.54^ significant at p<0.01,	-0.29^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	0.14	0.36^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	0.31^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.
NBP					0.35^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	0.42^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	-0.05	-0.34^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	0.37^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	0.33^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.
GPW						0.85^ significant at p<0.01,	-0.64^ significant at p<0.01,	0.59^ significant at p<0.01,	0.45^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	0.36^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.
BWP							-0.16	0.71^ significant at p<0.01,	0.39^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	0.33^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.
BI								-0.11	-0.29^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.	-0.24^* * significant at p<0.05, and the other pares were not significant by the F test.
100GBW									0.09	0.05
GPY										0.94^ significant at p<0.01,

λ_j	λ_j (%)	NDF	NDM	PH	GPL	NBP	GPW	BWP	BI	100GBW	GPY	GBY
3.949	35.902	0.280	0.261	-0.329	-0.453	-0.402	-0.201	-0.361	-0.127	-0.085	-0.333	-0.271
3.012	63.287	0.390	0.384	-0.245	0.005	0.134	0.487	0.342	-0.403	0.313	0.080	0.039
2.131	82.661	0.281	0.111	-0.350	-0.074	0.262	-0.165	-0.171	0.093	-0.479	0.446	0.467
0.824	90.155	0.163	0.422	0.196	-0.206	-0.095	-0.229	0.236	0.653	0.376	0.090	0.144
0.638	95.955	0.208	0.247	-0.060	0.373	0.467	-0.076	0.084	0.267	-0.308	-0.287	-0.523
0.246	98.190	0.032	0.524	0.552	0.345	-0.151	-0.146	-0.254	-0.344	-0.148	-0.046	0.225
0.112	99.211	0.138	-0.012	0.312	-0.185	-0.052	0.063	-0.109	-0.063	-0.054	0.701	-0.577
0.055	99.710	0.192	-0.140	-0.344	0.598	-0.349	-0.438	0.055	-0.068	0.290	0.231	-0.095
0.025	99.938	-0.622	0.438	-0.368	0.173	-0.187	0.310	-0.182	0.201	-0.038	0.201	-0.102
0.006	99.988	-0.421	0.214	-0.104	-0.257	0.332	-0.568	0.309	-0.384	0.088	0.079	-0.100
0.001	0.000	0.016	-0.022	-0.032	0.024	0.482	-0.028	-0.673	0.005	0.558	0.006	0.014

Caracter	Communality	Group	First load Factors			Final load Factors
Caracter	Communality	Group	1	2	3	1	2	3
NDF	0.935	1	0.556	0.677	0.410	-0.046	0.966	-0.028
NDM	0.840	1	0.519	0.667	0.162	-0.190	0.830	-0.125
PH	0.870	2	-0.654	-0.425	-0.511	-0.234	-0.903	0.007
GPL	0.822	3	-0.900	0.009	-0.108	-0.428	-0.594	0.535
NBP	0.839	3	-0.799	0.133	-0.383	-0.280	-0.473	0.855
GPW	0.933	4	-0.699	0.846	-0.241	-0.912	-0.210	0.238
BPW	0.930	4	-0.718	0.594	-0.250	-0.860	-0.157	0.407
BI	0.571	5	-0.252	-0.699	0.136	0.485	-0.559	0.152
100GBW	0.812	6	-0.168	0.543	-0.700	-0.850	-0.045	-0.296
GPY	0.881	7	-0.661	0.138	0.651	0.008	-0.036	0.938
GBY	0.798	7	-0.538	0.068	0.681	0.110	0.006	0.864

Genotypes	Mean values						Scores IR^ IR = scores obtained from the selection index
Genotypes	NDF	GPW	GPL	100GBW	GPY	PH
MNC05-847B-123	43.65	7.21	20.82	35.87	1951.70	24.43	661.41
MNC00-595F-27	44.45	6.85	21.98	31.55	1850.25	22.18	628.05
MNC99-541F-15	43.10	7.08	21.18	36.76	1790.95	26.20	606.44
MNC05-835B-16	43.40	7.40	21.78	35.29	1687.65	21.10	572.11
MNC00-595F-2	43.45	7.03	21.43	34.27	1657.00	21.18	561.81
Paulistinha	42.90	8.74	22.18	39.76	1651.40	25.74	558.67
MNC05-847B-126	43.20	6.77	20.94	32.64	1611.90	22.99	546.53
MNC05-835B-15	43.55	6.73	21.14	33.92	1599.80	21.78	542.34
BRS Aracê	43.50	6.51	20.91	31.29	1488.20	20.44	504.93
BRS Guariba	42.50	6.57	19.95	38.96	1492.85	23.98	504.68
MNC00-586F-303-9	43.05	8.32	21.77	38.78	1420.15	24.78	480.24
MNC05-841B-49	44.65	6.69	20.80	32.67	1356.20	20.39	459.90
Pingo-de-Ouro-1-2	43.05	7.83	20.13	41.29	1359.70	24.25	459.08
MNC99-510F-16-1	43.90	7.98	21.65	38.75	1300.55	23.34	439.75
BRS Tumucumaque	41.85	7.66	22.76	44.28	1295.45	24.42	436.91
MNC02-701F-2	44.15	6.61	21.57	31.51	1006.25	24.04	340.86
BRS Xiquexique	43.85	6.23	20.80	31.03	749.80	25.06	253.54
Azulão-MS^* * Control	45.25	10.42	22.56	39.74	1871.65	23.04	634.07
Sempre Verde-CE^* * Control	43.70	7.92	21.65	38.11	1604.70	25.75	543.05
Vagem Roxa-THE^* * Control	42.60	5.85	21.76	27.70	1033.95	24.02	350.83

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Selection index for recommendation of cowpea cultivars for green bean production1 1 Part of the first author’s doctoral thesis presented to the Graduate Program in Agronomy/Plant Production Science, Federal University of Ceará (UFC)

Índice para recomendação de cultivares de feijão-caupi aptos a produção de grãos verdes

ABSTRACT

Selection index for recommendation of cowpea cultivars for green bean production¹ 1 Part of the first author’s doctoral thesis presented to the Graduate Program in Agronomy/Plant Production Science, Federal University of Ceará (UFC)