GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND SELECTION OF COMMON BEAN CULTIVARS BASED ON PLANT ARCHITECTURE AND GRAIN YIELD<sup/>

KLÄSENER, GREICE ROSANA; RIBEIRO, NERINÉIA DALFOLLO; SANTOS, GREICE GODOY DOS

doi:10.1590/1983-21252022v35n409rc

GREICE ROSANA KLÄSENER

Department of Plant Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-0364

NERINÉIA DALFOLLO RIBEIRO ^**Corresponding author

Department of Plant Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5539-0160

GREICE GODOY DOS SANTOS

Department of Plant Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9104-0379

*Corresponding author

Figures (2)
Tables (5)

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Figure 1
Common bean cultivars of different grain types evaluated in the study.

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Figure 2
Scatter plot obtained from the plant architecture traits and grain yield of 22 common bean cultivars for the first two principal components.

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Table 1
Combined analysis of variance containing the degrees of freedom (DF), mean squares, mean, coefficient of experimental variation (CEV%) and selective accuracy (SA) for the following traits: lodging (LDG), general adaptation score (GAS), insertion of the first pod (IFP, cm), insertion of the last pod (ILP, cm), plant height (PH, cm), first-internode length (1^stIL, cm), second-internode length (2^ndIL, cm), third-internode length (3^rdIL, cm), fourth-internode length (4^thIL, cm), fifth-internode length (5^thIL, cm), epicotyl diameter (ED, mm), hypocotyl diameter (HD, mm) and grain yield (YIELD, kg ha^-1) of 22 common bean cultivars evaluated in the two growing seasons (dry season of 2019 and rainy season of 2019).

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Table 2
Pearson's phenotypic correlation coefficients obtained between the traits of lodging (LDG), general adaptation score (GAS), insertion of the first pod (IFP), first-internode length (1^stIL), second-internode length (2^ndIL), fifth-internode length (5^thIL), hypocotyl diameter (HD) and grain yield (YIELD) obtained from 22 common bean cultivars evaluated in two experiments carried out in the year 2019.

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Table 3
Estimation of eigenvalues (root and % cumulative [cumul.]) and relative importance of the traits of lodging (LDG), general adaptation score (GAS), insertion of the first pod (IFP), first-internode length (1^stIL), second-internode length (2^ndIL), fifth-internode length (5^thIL), hypocotyl diameter (HD) and grain yield (YIELD) obtained in each principal component (PC) to estimate genetic dissimilarity among 22 common bean cultivars evaluated in two experiments carried out in the year 2019.

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Table 4
Cluster analysis formed by Tocher’s optimization method, based on Mahalanobis’ generalized distance, for the traits of lodging (LDG), general adaptation score (GAS), insertion of the first pod (IFP, cm), first-internode length (1^stIL, cm), second-internode length (2^ndIL, cm), fifth-internode length (5^thIL, cm), hypocotyl diameter (HD, mm) and grain yield (YIELD, kg ha^-1) determined in 22 common bean cultivars evaluated in two experiments carried out in the year 2019 and means obtained in each group.

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Table 5
Average of the original population (X₀), average of selected cultivars (Xs), heritability (h²), genetic gain (GG) and percentage of genetic gain (GG%) with simultaneous selection by the rank-sum index for the traits of lodging (LDG), general adaptation score (GAS), insertion of the first pod (IFP, cm), first-internode length (1^stIL, cm), second-internode length (2^ndIL, cm), fifth-internode length (5^thIL, cm), hypocotyl diameter (HD, mm) and grain yield (YIELD, kg ha^-1) and the five common bean cultivars selected based on the evaluation of two experiments carried out in the year 2019.

Source of variation	DF				Mean square
Source of variation	DF	LDG	GAS	IFP	ILP	PH	1^stIL	2^ndIL
Block/environment	4	0.26	0.88	3.71	71.05	107.98	0.32	0.35
Genotype (G)	21	7.49 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1.09 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	86.08 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	746.03 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1418.57 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	0.54 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1.26 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}
Grain type (T)	3	12.14 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	2.57 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	80.65 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1981.01 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	3852.46 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	0.21 ns	1.92 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}
G/Type	18	6.72 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	0.84 ns	86.93 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	540.02 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1016.09 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	0.59 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1.17 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}
T/Carioca	4	1.95 ns	0.20 ns	39.92 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	167.15 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	200.72 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	0.16 ns	0.18 ns
T/Black	5	1.24 ns	0.38 ns	15.94 ^ns ns non-significant.	139.78 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	292.52 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	0.28 ns	0.39 ns
T/Red	5	18.49 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1.91 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	83.05 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	882.12 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1617.00 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1.00 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	3.01 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}
T/Cranberry	4	3.62 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	0.72 ns	227.51 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	985.59 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1984.78 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	0.89 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	0.83 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}
Environment (E)	1	1.48 ns	36.07 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	2795.88 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	6120.01 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	5773.70 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	4.81 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	0.61 ns
G x E	21	1.20 ns	1.40 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	44.40 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	63.76 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	51.74 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	0.34 ns	0.41 ns
Error	84	0.75	0.47	4.50	18.47	27.41	0.25	0.29
Mean		4.88	5.01	18.45	49.41	57.06	3.55	5.46
CEV (%)		17.75	13.63	11.49	8.70	9.17	14.23	9.86
SA		0.95	0.76	0.97	0.99	0.99	0.73	0.88
		3^rdIL	4^thIL	5^thIL	ED	HD	YIELD
Block/environment	4	0.29	0.27	0.18	1.39	1.34	35414.39
Genotype (G)	21	1.30 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1.26 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	2.08 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	2.47 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	2.60 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1233498.85 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}
Grain type (T)	3	1.59 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1.82 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	3.32 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	0.84 ns	1.85 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	7021201.81 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}
G/Type	18	1.24 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1.19 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1.87 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	2.71 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	2.71 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	231621.06 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}
T/Carioca	4	0.07 ^ns ns non-significant.	0.13 ns	0.52 ns	0.48 ns	0.48 ns	248825.30 ^ns ns non-significant.
T/Black	5	0.33 ^ns ns non-significant.	0.33 ns	0.48 ns	1.31 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1.35 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	310082.17 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}
T/Red	5	3.25 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	3.35 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	4.79 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	6.00 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	4.95 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	105849.22 ^ns ns non-significant.
T/Cranberry	4	1.04 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	0.62 ns	1.30 ns	2.60 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	3.82 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	273555.21 ^ns ns non-significant.
Environment (E)	1	1.00 ^ns ns non-significant.	5.16 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	15.48 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	74.94 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	94.52 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	713241.07 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}
G x E	21	0.35 ^ns ns non-significant.	0.39 ns	1.01 ns	1.06 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	1.11 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}	348473.46 ^{^* * Significant by the F test at 0.05 probability.}
Error	84	0.28	0.43	0.81	0.23	0.24	57826.09
Mean		6.85	8.44	10.48	6.19	6.13	1093.76
CEV (%)		7.70	7.82	8.59	7.74	7.96	21.98
SA		0.89	0.81	0.78	0.95	0.95	0.98

	GAS	IFP	1^stIL	2^ndIL	5^thIL	HD	YIELD
LDG	0.633^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}	0.638 ^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}	-0.385	-0.440 ^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}	-0.133	-0.521 ^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}	0.421 ^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}
GAS		0.485 ^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}	-0.461 ^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}	-0.552 ^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}	-0.360	-0.116	0.196
IFP			-0.644 ^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}	-0.475 ^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}	-0.011	-0.283	0.151
1^stIL				0.859 ^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}	0.518 ^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}	0.061	-0.232
2^ndIL					0.737 ^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}	-0.039	-0.396
5^thIL						-0.388	-0.590 ^{^* * Significant by the t test at 0.05 probability.}
HD							0.027

PC	ROOT (%)	CUMUL (%)	LDG	GAS	IFP	1^stIL	2^ndIL	5^thIL	HD	YIELD
PC1	46.83	46.83	-0.38	-0.38	-0.36	0.43	0.46	0.32	0.08	-0.27
PC2	23.22	70.05	-0.37	-0.11	-0.33	-0.06	-0.20	-0.53	0.60	0.22
PC3	12.26	82.32	0.33	-0.07	-0.28	0.41	0.19	-0.13	-0.25	0.73
PC4	7.84	90.15	0.18	0.79	-0.17	0.38	0.15	-0.03	0.31	-0.22
PC5	6.08	96.24	0.08	-0.12	0.63	0.10	0.27	0.25	0.58	0.31
PC6	1.87	98.10	0.68	-0.43	-0.12	0.21	-0.29	-0.07	0.27	-0.35
PC7	1.02	99.13	0.15	0.09	-0.48	-0.44	-0.11	0.64	0.24	0.24
PC8	0.87	100.00	0.29	-0.05	-0.12	-0.50	0.72	-0.33	0.04	-0.13

Group	Cultivars
1	BRS Embaixador, Vermelho Graúdo, Hooter, Guapo Brilhante, BRSMG Realce, IAC Netuno and IPR Tiziu
2	SCS 205 - Riqueza, BRS Campeiro, IAC Imperador, IPR Siriri, BRS Esteio, Pérola and Macanudo
3			BRS Radiante and Iraí
4			Amendoim Comprido and BRSMG Madrepérola
5				Ouro Vermelho and BRS Pitanga
6				BRS Executivo
7				Light Red Kidney
				Means obtained in each group
Group	LDG	GAS	IFP	1^stIL	2^ndIL	5^thIL	HD	YIELD
1	4.05	5.00	16.39	3.61	5.48	10.34	6.76	955.52
2	5.31	5.00	19.14	3.45	5.34	10.18	6.06	1634.86
3	3.50	4.25	12.84	3.83	5.89	10.82	5.90	538.14
4	6.08	5.33	18.98	3.49	5.24	10.56	5.27	990.60
5	6.25	5.67	24.34	3.23	4.93	10.19	6.12	941.68
6	5.33	4.83	26.93	3.13	5.47	11.52	5.80	427.42
7	4.83	4.83	17.98	4.33	6.82	12.42	4.85	561.89

Trait	X₀	X_S	h²%	GS	GS%
LDG	4.88	4.93	90.00	0.05	1.01
GAS	5.01	4.93	57.12	-0.04	-0.85
IFP	18.45	18.34	94.77	-0.10	-0.57
1^stIL	3.55	3.61	52.91	0.03	0.94
2^ndIL	5.46	5.49	77.09	0.02	0.35
5^thIL	10.48	10.16	61.03	-0.20	-1.91
HD	6.13	6.30	90.86	0.15	2.41
YIELD	1093.76	1615.01	95.31	496.81	45.42
Total gain				496.81	46.80
			Selected cultivars
Trait BRS Campeiro SCS 205 - Riqueza BRS Esteio IAC Imperador Guapo Brilhante
LDG	5.50	5.00	4.83	5.00	4.33
GAS	4.83	5.00	5.17	5.00	4.67
IFP	19.98	20.02	18.18	18.25	15.28
1^stIL	3.72	3.42	3.52	3.57	3.83
2^ndIL	5.83	5.35	5.47	5.22	5.57
5^thIL	10.73	9.87	9.97	10.03	10.18
HD	6.05	5.97	6.82	5.87	6.78
YIELD	1695.12	1788.07	1643.51	1710.42	1237.93

[1] *Corresponding author

Brasil

Brasil

GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND SELECTION OF COMMON BEAN CULTIVARS BASED ON PLANT ARCHITECTURE AND GRAIN YIELD¹ 1 Paper extracted from the Master´s dissertation of the first author.

DIVERGÊNCIA GENÉTICA E SELEÇÃO DE CULTIVARES DE FEIJÃO BASEADA EM ARQUITETURA DE PLANTA E PRODUTIVIDADE

ABSTRACT

Brasil

Brasil

GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND SELECTION OF COMMON BEAN CULTIVARS BASED ON PLANT ARCHITECTURE AND GRAIN YIELD1 1 Paper extracted from the Master´s dissertation of the first author.

DIVERGÊNCIA GENÉTICA E SELEÇÃO DE CULTIVARES DE FEIJÃO BASEADA EM ARQUITETURA DE PLANTA E PRODUTIVIDADE

ABSTRACT

GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND SELECTION OF COMMON BEAN CULTIVARS BASED ON PLANT ARCHITECTURE AND GRAIN YIELD¹ 1 Paper extracted from the Master´s dissertation of the first author.