NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND EXPORT BY COMMON BEAN AS A FUNCTION OF STRAW AND N SPLITTING IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM

MINGOTTE, FÁBIO LUIZ CHECCHIO; LEAL, FÁBIO TIRABOSCHI; ALMEIDA, MARCELA MIDORI YADA DE; MORELLO, ORLANDO FERREIRA; CUNHA-CHIAMOLERA, TATIANA PAGAN LOEIRO DA; LEMOS, LEANDRO BORGES

doi:10.1590/1983-21252021v34n112rc

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Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 34 (1) • Jan-Mar 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n112rc copy

NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND EXPORT BY COMMON BEAN AS A FUNCTION OF STRAW AND N SPLITTING IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM

ACÚMULO E EXPORTAÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO PELO FEIJOEIRO EM FUNÇÃO DA PALHADA E DO SEU PARCELAMENTO NO SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Determining nitrogen (N) accumulation and export by common bean as a function of straw and of the splitting of this nutrient is very important, aiming at the management and sustainability of agricultural systems. This study aimed to determine the N accumulation and export by common bean as a function of Zea mays and Urochloa ruziziensis grass straw (maize, maize/U. ruziziensis intercropping and U. ruziziensis) and splitting of top-dressing N fertilization. The experiment was conducted in Jaboticabal-SP-Brazil, during the 2012/13 crop season, in a Red Eutrophic Oxisol (Eutrudox) in no-tillage under irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots with four replicates, totaling 120 subplots sized in 25m² each. The plots consisted of the cropping systems prior to common bean: maize, maize/ U. ruziziensis intercropping and U. ruziziensis. The subplots were composed of ten top-dressing N fertilization splitting schemes (NS) at the phenological stages V₃, V₄ and R₅ in different combinations. Common bean grain yield differs among cropping systems and as a function of top-dressed N split application. U. ruziziensis grass as single crop promotes greater N accumulation in common bean shoots compared to maize and its intercropping with U. ruziziensis grass. Regardless the cropping system, top-dressing N application in a single dose (90 kg ha^-1) at V₄ leads to similar accumulations and exports to those found in the absence of N fertilization. Splitting schemes with N application at the R5 stage increase the exports of this nutrient by common bean in succession to maize and its intercropping with U. ruziziensis grass.

Keywords:
Phaseolus vulgaris ; Plant mineral nutrition; Conservation agriculture

Treatments	SDM	N concentration	N accumulation	Grain yield	N concentration	N export
		-- Shoots ---			---Grain---
	kg ha^-1	g kg^-1	kg ha^-1	kg ha^-1	g kg^-1	kg ha^-1
Cropping system
Maize	4438 b	12.7 b	56.5 b	3 157	32.0 a	87.9
Intercropping	4626 ab	11.8 c	54.9 b	3 167	31.1 b	85.8
U. ruziziensis	4775 a	15.4 a	73.6 a	3029	32.6 a	85.9
Tukey LSD	301.20	0.83	6.94	188.63	0.76	3.68
CV (%)	9.5	9.13	16.4	8.8	3.5	6.2
N splitting² 2 Quantity of N applied as top-dressing at the stages V3, V4 and R5 of common bean, respectively.
00+00+00	4514	12.8 ab	58.1 abc	2929 e	32.5	82.7 c
00+90+00	4699	14.5 a	68.3 a	2939 de	32.3	82.5 c
30+60+00	4727	13.9 a	66.3 ab	3305 a	30.8	88.3 abc
60+30+00	4787	14.0 a	67.1 ab	3031 cde	32.0	84.3 bc
30+00+60	4760	13.5 a	64.5 ab	3298 ab	32.1	91.9 a
60+00+30	4468	13.7 a	61.3 abc	3132 bc	31.8	86.5 abc
00+60+30	4575	13.6 a	61.9 abc	3110 cd	32.2	87.2 abc
45+45+00	4541	11.6 b	52.5 c	3057 cde	31.8	84.6 bc
00+45+45	4554	12.9 ab	58.8 abc	3202 abc	32.7	91.1 ab
45+00+45	4506	12.8 ab	57.9 bc	3172 abc	31.1	85.8 abc
Tukey LSD	472.43	1.79	10.41	171.21	2.22	7.23
CV (%)	7.7	10.1	13.7	4.1	5.2	6.3
F test CS	5.92*	94.97^ (p<0.05) and	42.31^ (p<0.05) and	3.13^NS NS (not significant) by F test, respectively.	18.93^ (p<0.05) and	2.01^NS NS (not significant) by F test, respectively.
NS	1.31^NS NS (not significant) by F test, respectively.	4.51^ (p<0.05) and	4.83^ (p<0.05) and	12.59^ (p<0.05) and	1.56^NS NS (not significant) by F test, respectively.	4.21^ (p<0.05) and
CS x NS	0.98^NS NS (not significant) by F test, respectively.	3.12^ (p<0.05) and	2.32^ (p<0.05) and	5.42^ (p<0.05) and	0.97^NS NS (not significant) by F test, respectively.	2.19^ (p<0.05) and

Treatments	N concentration in the shoots (g kg^-1)
Treatments	Maize	Intercropping	U. ruziziensis
N splitting² 2 Quantity of N applied as top-dressing in common bean at the phenological stages V3 (formation of first trifoliate leaf), V4 (presence of third trifoliate leaf) and R5 (pre-flowering), respectively.
00+00+00	12.0 aB	10.1 bcB	16.4 abA
00+90+00	12.8 aB	12.6 abB	18.1 aA
30+60+00	12.6 aB	12.5 abB	16.6 abA
60+30+00	13.4 aB	12.1 abB	16.7 abA
30+00+60	11.9 aB	13.8 aAB	14.9 bcA
60+00+30	13.5 aA	13.0 abA	14.7 bcA
00+60+30	13.3 aA	12.8 abA	14.6 bcA
45+45+00	11.6 aB	9.0 cC	14.2 bcA
00+45+45	12.3 aB	11.3 abcB	15.1 abcA
45+00+45	14.1 aA	11.3 abcB	13.1 cAB

Treatments	N accumulation in the shoots (kg ha^-1)
Treatments	Maize	Intercropping	U. ruziziensis
N splitting² 2 Quantity of N applied as top-dressing in common bean at the phenological stages V3 (formation of first trifoliate leaf), V4 (presence of third trifoliate leaf) and R5 (pre-flowering), respectively.
00+00+00	52.5 aB	45.3 bcB	76.6 abcA
00+90+00	58.1 aB	58.4 abcB	88.5 aA
30+60+00	55.6 aB	58.4 abcB	85.0 abA
60+30+00	67.4 aAB	56.4 abcB	77.5 abcA
30+00+60	54.2 aA	66.5 aAB	72.6 abcA
60+00+30	55.6 aA	59.9 abA	68.5 bcA
00+60+30	57.7 aA	59.5 abA	68.7 bcA
45+45+00	50.8 aB	40.8 cB	66.0 cA
00+45+45	55.4 aB	51.3 abcB	69.8 bcA
45+00+45	58.0 aA	52.2 abcA	63.4 cA

Treatments	Grain yield (kg ha^-1)
Treatments	Maize	Intercropping	U. ruziziensis
N splitting² 2 Quantity of N applied as top-dressing in common bean at the phenological stages V3 (formation of first trifoliate leaf), V4 (presence of third trifoliate leaf) and R5 (pre-flowering), respectively.
00+00+00	2936 bA	2960 cA	2889 bA
00+90+00	2954 bA	2966 cA	2898 bA
30+60+00	3342 abA	3425 aA	3149 abB
60+30+00	2947 bB	3255 abcA	2891 bB
30+00+60	3365 aA	3454 aA	3075 bB
60+00+30	3213 abA	3184 abcA	3002 bA
00+60+30	3320 aA	3096 bcAB	2915 bB
45+45+00	2938 bA	3081 bcA	3152 abA
00+45+45	3391 aA	3273 abA	2942 bB
45+00+45	3167 abAB	2972 cB	3377 aA

Treatments	N accumulation in the shoots (kg ha^-1)
Treatments	Maize	Intercropping	U. ruziziensis
N splitting² 2 Quantity of N applied as top-dressing in common bean at the phenological stages V3 (formation of first trifoliate leaf), V4 (presence of third trifoliate leaf) and R5 (pre-flowering), respectively.
00+00+00	82.2 bA	81.0 bA	85.0 aA
00+90+00	84.7 bA	79.5 bA	83.6 aA
30+60+00	88.0 abA	91.1 abA	86.1 aA
60+30+00	86 bA	85.1 abA	81.6 aA
30+00+60	90.7 abA	94.6 aA	90.4 aA
60+00+30	88.0 abA	86.2 abA	85.3 aA
00+60+30	93.0 abA	85.9 abAB	82.8 aB
45+45+00	81.5 bA	84 abA	87.6 aA
00+45+45	99.9 aA	88.68 abB	84.9 aB
45+00+45	85.00 bAB	80.6 bB	91.7 aA

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