VERNALIZING PRE-TRANSPLANTS IMPROVED THE AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAWBERRY GENOTYPES UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS<sup>1</sup>

OVIEDO, VICTORIA ROSSMARY SANTACRUZ; ENCISO-GARAY, CIPRIANO RAMON; FIGUEREDO, ERNESTO ISAAC GARCIA

doi:10.1590/1983-21252020v33n308rc

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Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 33 (3) • Jul-Sep 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n308rc copy

VERNALIZING PRE-TRANSPLANTS IMPROVED THE AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAWBERRY GENOTYPES UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS¹

VERNALIZANDO PRÉ-TRANSPLANTES MELHORAM AS CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÔMICAS DE GENÓTIPOS DE MORANGO EM CONDIÇÃO TROPICAL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Strawberry plant yields improve if they accumulate a certain number of cold hours, which does not occur naturally under tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. This study evaluated the agronomic characteristics of potted transplants from 14 strawberry genotypes that had been subjected to vernalization treatment prior to planting in the field. The transplants were stored in a cold chamber at 5°C for 576 h. The genotypes used in the experiment were Camino Real, Festival, Florida Eliane, Sweet Charlie_fp, Sweet Charlie, Dover, IAC Guaraní, Corea, Early Bright, and hybrid clones Dover × Rosalinda₁ Dover × Rosalinda₄, Dover × Oso Grande, Dover × Esplendida, and Dover × Aichi. The 14 genotypes in the control group received no vernalization treatment. Each experimental unit consisted of 15 plants. A randomized complete blocks experimental design was used with a 14 × 2 factorial arrangement and three repetitions. Subjecting the strawberry transplants to the vernalization treatment had a significant effect on the total number of fruits per plant and total and commercial yield of fruits per plant, but there was no significant interaction between the factors and the evaluated yield and growth characteristics. Dover × Oso Grande, Florida Eliane, Camino Real, and Festival produced the greatest numbers of large fruits per plant. Vernalizing strawberry transplants increased the yield and the number of medium and small sized fruits per plant. The results showed that vernalization is a technique that could be used in tropical climate conditions to improve strawberry cultivation productivity.

Keywords:
Fragaria x ananassa Duch ; Genotypes; Vernalization; Yield

Genotypes	Total number of fruits plant^-1	Total yield (g plant^-1)	Commercial yield (g plant^-1)
Dover × Oso Grande	32.83 A	391.11 A	374.10 A
Festival	24.81 A	292.28 B	284.22 B
Dover × Rosalinda₁	29.09 A	278.70 B	263.48 B
Florida Eliane	19.63 B	274.37 B	266.43 B
Camino Real	18.28 B	271.94 B	263.30 B
Dover	29.26 A	246.56 B	229.85 B
Sweet Charlie_fp	28.22 A	246.19 B	227.91 B
Dover × Rosalinda₄	25.65 B	211.87 C	196.69 C
IAC Guaraní	28.28 A	204.20 C	191.48 C
Dover × Esplêndida	25.43 B	194.56 C	175.32 C
Early Bright	13.78 B	180.17 C	174.13 C
Dover × Aichi	28.94 A	178.11 C	161.13 C
Sweet Charlie	17.31 B	142.56 C	133.70 C
Corea	25.02 B	119.54 C	105.20 C
Vernalization
Non-vernalized	22.72 B	212.03 B	199.64 B
Vernalized	26.79 A	249.71 A	235.63 A
Genotype (G)	3.98^ Significant at the 5% probability level;	6.12^ Significant at the 5% probability level;	6.73^ Significant at the 5% probability level;
Vernalization (V)	7.67^ Significant at the 5% probability level;	6.21^ Significant at the 5% probability level;	6.25^ Significant at the 5% probability level;
G × V	0.47 ^ns ns not significant. The same uppercase letters in the separate genotypes and vernalization analyses show that the genotypes and vernalization treatments were not significantly different from each other according to the Scott- Knott test at the 5% probability level.	0.26 ^ns ns not significant. The same uppercase letters in the separate genotypes and vernalization analyses show that the genotypes and vernalization treatments were not significantly different from each other according to the Scott- Knott test at the 5% probability level.	0.27 ^ns ns not significant. The same uppercase letters in the separate genotypes and vernalization analyses show that the genotypes and vernalization treatments were not significantly different from each other according to the Scott- Knott test at the 5% probability level.
Genotype CV (%):	27.21	30.02	30.31
Vernalization CV (%):	27.21	30.02	30.31

Genotypes		Number of fruit per plant
Genotypes	Large	Medium	Small	Non-commercial
Dover × Oso Grande	11.98 A	12.26 A	6.44 C	2.15 C
Florida Eliane	9.85 A	6.48 B	2.39 D	0.91 D
Camino Real	9.72 A	5.45 B	2.30 D	0.82 D
Festival	9.65 A	10.22 A	3.61 D	1.34 D
Dover × Rosalinda₁	6.95 B	10.37 A	8.89 B	2.89 B
Early Bright	6.07 C	5.00 B	2.02 D	0.69 D
Sweet Charlie_fp	5.61 C	9.63 A	9.98 B	3.00 B
Dover	4.68 C	11.58 A	9.89 B	3.11 B
Dover × Rosalinda ₄	3.65 D	9.91 A	9.07 B	3.02 B
Dover × Espléndida	3.26 D	8.80 A	9.54 B	3.83 B
Sweet Charlie	2.98 D	6.41 B	5.91 C	2.02 C
IAC Guarani	2.20 D	11.56 A	11.69 B	2.83 B
Dover × Aichi	1.78 D	8.17 A	13.96 A	5.04 A
Corea	0.45 D	4.19 B	15.73 A	4.78 A
Vernalization
Non-vernalized	5.52 A	8.08 A	7.06 B	2.32 B
Vernalized	5.97 A	9.06 A	8.86 A	2.88 A
Genotype (G)	14.80 ^ Significant at the 5% probability level;	7.09 ^ Significant at the 5% probability level;	23.08 ^ Significant at the 5% probability level;	12.77 ^ Significant at the 5% probability level;
Vernalization (V)	0.82 ^ Significant at the 5% probability level;	3.35 ^ Significant at the 5% probability level;	13.79 ^ Significant at the 5% probability level;	7.35 ^ Significant at the 5% probability level;
G ×V	0.27 ^ns ns not significant. The same uppercase letters in the separate genotypes and vernalization analyses show that the genotypes and vernalization treatments were not significantly different from each other according to the Scott- Knott test at the 5% probability level.	1.05 ^ns ns not significant. The same uppercase letters in the separate genotypes and vernalization analyses show that the genotypes and vernalization treatments were not significantly different from each other according to the Scott- Knott test at the 5% probability level.	1.11 ^ns ns not significant. The same uppercase letters in the separate genotypes and vernalization analyses show that the genotypes and vernalization treatments were not significantly different from each other according to the Scott- Knott test at the 5% probability level.	0.58 ^ns ns not significant. The same uppercase letters in the separate genotypes and vernalization analyses show that the genotypes and vernalization treatments were not significantly different from each other according to the Scott- Knott test at the 5% probability level.
Genotype CV (%):	38.40	28.47	27.90	36.40
Vernalization CV (%):	38.40	28.47	27.90	36.40

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VERNALIZING PRE-TRANSPLANTS IMPROVED THE AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAWBERRY GENOTYPES UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS1

VERNALIZANDO PRÉ-TRANSPLANTES MELHORAM AS CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÔMICAS DE GENÓTIPOS DE MORANGO EM CONDIÇÃO TROPICAL

ABSTRACT

VERNALIZING PRE-TRANSPLANTS IMPROVED THE AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAWBERRY GENOTYPES UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS¹