GENESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS OF THE SANTANAMOUNTAIN RANGE IN THE SERIDÓ REGION, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL

Farias, Phâmella Kalliny Pereira; Souza, Carolina Malala Martins; Portela, Jeane Cruz; Moura, Isadora Nayara Bandeira Medeiros de; Silva, Ana Carla Rodrigues da

doi:10.1590/1983-21252018v31n425rc

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ENGENHARIA AGRÍCOLA • Rev. Caatinga 31 (04) • Oct-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n425rc copy

GENESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS OF THE SANTANAMOUNTAIN RANGE IN THE SERIDÓ REGION, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL¹ 1 Part of the first author's Master's thesis.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO E GÊNESE DE SOLOS DA SERRA DE SANTANA, SERIDÓ POTIGUAR

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Rio Grande do Norte has mountain formations with edaphoclimatic conditions different from those predominating in the state, presenting deeper,acid soils, and milder climate. Among these formations, is the Santana mountain range, which is part of the Serra do Martins Formation. The objective of this work was to interpret the pedogenesis of the representative soils of the Santana mountain range through morphological, physical, and chemical characterizations of soil profiles and evaluate the effect of these attributes on the distribution of pedological forms along the landscape using multivariate analysis. Morphological, physical, and chemical analyses of seven soil profiles of the Santana mountain range were performed. The soils were classified according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System and the data subjected to multivariate analysis. The representative soil classes found were: LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico argissólico; LATOSSOLO AMARELO Eutrófico argissólico; NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO Órtico típico; NEOSSOLO LITÓLICO Eutrófico fragmentário; NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO Eutrófico típico and CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO Tb Eutrófico léptico. According to the analysis of the morphological attributes, the parent material had great influence on the formation of the different soil classes found in the Santana mountain range. The soil textural classes varied from sand to sandy clay loam. According to the analysis of the chemical attributes, the soil profiles presented acid reaction, great variation of base saturation, and low electrical conductivity. The multivariate analysis established groups of representative soil profiles of the Santana mountain range through the distinction of their physical and chemical attributes, mainly of subsurface diagnostic horizons.

Keywords:
Desilication; Pedogenic processes; Sedimentary rocks

Horizon (Depth)	Altitude	Color	Parent material	Structure	Consistency			T
Cm	(m)	(moist)	(Geological period)
					Dry	Moist	Wet
Profile1- LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico argissólico (LAd)
A (0-20)	739	10YR 3/2	Arenite	2MG Gr	Ma	MFr	LgPlLgPe	Pd
AB (20-62)		2.5Y 4/4	(Paleogene)	1MG Gr	LgD	MFr	LgPlLgPe	Pd
BA (62-99)		2.5Y 5/3		1MG Gr	LgD	MFr	PlLgPe	Pd
Bw (99-187)		2.5Y 5/3		1MG Gr	LgD	MFr	PlPe	Pd
Profile2 - NEOSSOLO LITÓLICO Eutrófico fragmentário (RLe)
Ap (0-9)	670	2.5Y 3/3	Arenite	2 MG Bla	D	Fr	LgPlLgPe	Pg
C (9-22)		2.5Y 5/4	(Paleogene)	1 MG Gr	LgD	MFr	LgPlLgPe	Pc
Profile3 - NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO Órtico típico (RQo)
Ap (0-26)	685	10YR –	Arenite	1GMBlsGr	Ma	MFr	NPlNPe	Pd
AC (26-64)		10YR 5/6	(Paleogene)	1MGBlsGr	Ma	MFr	NPlNPe	Pd
C1 (64-116)		10YR 4/6		1MGBlsGr	Ma	MFr	NPlNPe	Pd
C2 (116-181)		10YR 5/6		1MGBlsGr	LgD	MFr	NPlLgPe	Pd
Profile4 - LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico argissólico (LAd)
A (0-16)	701	2.5Y 3/2	Arenite	2MGr	LgD	MFr	NPlNPe	Pg
AB (16-52)		2.5Y 4/4	(Paleogene)	2PMGr	LgD	MFr	LgPlLgPe	Pd
Bw1 (52-93)		2.5Y 4/4		2GGr	LgD	MFr	LgPlLgPe	Pd
Bw2 (93-168)		2.5Y 4/4		2MGGr	LgD	MFr	LgPlLgPe	Pd
Profile5 - NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO Eutrófico típico (RRe)
Ap (0-14)	701	2.5Y 4/2	Arenite	2MBlsGr	D	Fi	NPlNPe	Pd
C₁ (14-38)		2.5Y 5/2	(Paleogene)	2MGGr	LgD	Fr	NPlLgPe	Pd
C₂ (38-96)		2.5Y 6/2		2MGGr	LgD	Fr	LgPlLgPe	Pd
C₃ (96-172)		2.5Y 6/2		2PMBls Gr	LgD	MFr	LgPlPe	Pd
Profile 6 - CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO Tb Eutrófico léptico (CXbe)
A (0-11)	713	10YR 4/4	Arenite	21GMBls Gr	Ma	Fr	LgPlNPe	Pc
AB (11-23)		10YR 4/6	(Paleogene)	2 GM Bla	Ma	Fr	PlLgPe	Og
Bi (23-52)		10YR 5/6		21 G Bls	Ma	Fr	LgPlLgPe	Pg
Cr (52-66)		10YR 5/8		21 G Bls	LgD	Fr	LgPlLgPe	Pg
Profile7 - LATOSSOLO AMARELO Eutrófico argissólico (LAe)
A (0-22)	674	10YR 4/6	Arenite	1PMBlsGr	LgD	MFr	LgPlNPe	Pg
AB (22-61)		10YR 5/6	(Paleogene)	2PMBlsGr	LgD	MFr	LgPlLgPe	Pd
Bw₁ (61-114)		10YR 5/8		21GM Gr	LgD	MFr	LgPlPe	Pd
Bw₂ (114-167)		10YR 5/8		2 M Gr	LgD	MFr	LgPlPe	Pd

Horizon (Depth)	CS	FS	Silt	Clay	Silt/	Textural class	SD
cm	g/kg				Clay		g/cm³
Profile 1 - LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico argissólico (LAd)
A (0-20)	700	104	28	168	0.16	Sandy loam	1.33
AB(20-62)	567	137	30	266	0.11	Sandy clay loam	1.36
BA(62-99)	457	140	35	368	0.09	Sandy clay	1.44
Bw(99-187)	458	135	41	366	0.11	Sandy clay	1.43
Profile 2 - NEOSSOLO LITÓLICO Eutrófico fragmentário (RLe)
Ap (0-9)	551	149	59	241	0.25	Sandy clay loam	1.40
C (9-22)	464	155	78	303	0.26	Sandy clay loam	1.31
Profile 3 - NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO Órtico típico (RQo)
Ap (0-26)	780	154	6	60	0.10	Sand	1.42
AC (26-64)	751	164	7	78	0.09	Sand	1.59
C1(64-116)	729	160	10	101	0.10	Loamy sand	1.55
C2(116-181)	677	174	16	133	0.12	Loamy sand	1.62
Profile 4 - LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico argissólico
Ap (0-16)	747	154	20	79	0.02	Sand	1.56
AB (16-52)	651	159	42	148	0.28	Sandy loam	1.45
Bw1(52-93)	613	150	27	210	0.13	Sandy clay loam	1.36
Bw2(93-168)	580	169	26	225	0.12	Sandy clay loam	1.40
Profile 5 - NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO Eutrófico típico (RRe)
Ap (0-14)	718	193	22	67	0.33	Sand	1.43
C1(14-38)	686	174	19	121	0.16	Loamy sand	1.50
C2(38-96)	613	172	23	192	0.12	Sandy loam	1.42
C3(96-172)	544	168	33	255	0.13	Sandy clay loam	1.38
Profile 6 - CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO Tb Eutrófico léptico (CXbe)
A (0-11)	551	191	123	135	0.91	Sandy loam	1.41
AB (11-23)	476	189	131	204	0.64	Sandy loam	1.31
Bi (23-52)	416	182	150	252	0.59	Sandy clay loam	1.21
Cr (52-66)	425	177	169	229	0.74	Sandy clay loam	1.22
Profile 7 - LATOSSOLO AMARELO Eutrófico argissólico (LAe)
Ap (0-22)	686	153	17	144	0.12	Sandy loam	1.40
AB (22-61)	543	188	140	129	1.08	Sandy loam	1.44
Bw1(61-114)	457	197	28	318	0.08	Sandy clay loam	1.42
Bw2(114-167)	481	201	101	217	0.46	Sandy clay loam	1.41

Hor.	pH	pH	∆pH	EC	TOC	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	(H+Al)	T	P	V	M
	(H₂O)	(KCl)		(dS/m)	g/kg	cmol_c/kg				mg/kg		(%)
Profile 1- LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico argissólico (LAd)
A	4.51	3.89	-0.62	0.09	16.70	0.14	-	0.83	0.36	0.20	3.68	5.02	5.01	28	13
AB	4.18	3.87	-0.31	0.03	6.21	0.05	-	0.49	0.36	0.40	2.73	3.63	2.69	25	31
BA	3.75	3.84	0.08	0.04	5.06	0.01	-	1.01	0.42	0.65	3.05	4.50	3.09	32	31
Bw	3.80	3.88	0.09	0.02	4.70	0.01	-	0.87	0.44	0.67	2.85	4.17	2.07	32	34
Profile 2 - NEOSSOLO LITÓLICO Eutrófico fragmentário (RLe)
Ap	3.98	3.75	-0.22	0.02	8.45	0.08	-	2.66	0.90	0.53	4.40	8.03	3.13	45	13
C	3.78	3.71	-0.07	0.02	8.47	0.02	-	2.07	0.36	0.73	4.58	7.02	3.82	35	23
Profile 3 - NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO Órtico típico (RQo)
Ap	4.64	4.15	-0.49	0.03	6.27	0.12	-	2.04	0.36	0.15	2.05	4.56	3.18	55	6
AC	4.03	4.11	0.08	0.02	3.08	0.04	-	2.11	0.36	0.27	2.00	4.51	2.37	56	10
C1	3.90	4.24	0.34	0.03	2.02	0.02	-	2.15	0.41	0.23	2.15	4.73	3.36	55	8
C2	3.96	4.26	0.31	0.02	1.43	0.02	-	1.83	0.45	0.63	2.18	4.48	2.92	51	22
Profile 4 - LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico argissólico (LAd)
Ap	5.65	5.55	-0.10	0.04	11.56	0.22	-	1.76	0.41	0.13	1.95	4.35	30.37	55	5
AB	5.27	5.13	-0.14	0.02	6.08	0.10	-	2.15	0.49	0.01	1.98	4.72	17.79	58	0.5
Bw1	4.22	4.07	-0.15	0.02	5.72	0.08	-	1.68	0.47	0.20	2.54	4.76	10.92	47	8
Bw2	3.75	3.84	0.09	0.02	4.45	0.10	-	1.35	0.46	0.40	2.80	4.71	1.97	41	17
Profile 5 - CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO Tb Eutrófico léptico (CXbe)
Ap	5.48	4.60	-0.88	0.01	9.26	0.07	-	3.45	0.41	0.20	2.40	6.33	4.56	62	5
C1	5.12	4.10	-1.02	0.01	6.77	0.05	-	2.95	0.35	0.35	2.40	5.75	3.38	58	9
C2	4.61	3.98	-0.63	0.01	5.82	0.02	-	3.15	0.37	0.52	2.88	6.41	3.18	55	13
C3	4.30	3.91	-0.39	0.01	5.48	0.02	-	3.26	0.42	0.65	3.08	6.77	2.30	55	15
Profile 6 - LATOSSOLO AMARELO Eutrófico argissólico (LAe)
A	6.21	5.53	-0.68	0.09	11.59	0.06	-	2.12	0.93	0.10	2.45	6.43	12.64	62	2
AB	5.06	4.30	-0.76	0.04	5.60	0.08	-	2.57	0.91	0.82	3.23	7.62	4.08	58	16
Bi	4.95	4.14	-0.80	0.03	5.45	0.13	-	2.09	0.78	1.00	3.00	6.65	2.31	55	22
Cr	4.73	4.27	-0.46	0.03	3.91	0.05	-	2.65	0.96	1.03	3.20	7.77	1.58	59	18
Profile 7 - LATOSSOLO AMARELO Eutrófico argissólico (LAe)
Ap	4.61	4.07	-0.54	0.09	13.11	0.15	-	2.35	0.92	0.97	2.75	6.94	11.03	60	19
AB	4.97	4.28	-0.70	0.04	5.86	0.03	-	2.77	1.02	1.25	2.70	7.52	1.04	64	21
Bw1	4.67	4.41	-0.26	0.02	5.57	0.02	-	1.85	0.89	1.45	2.48	6.10	1.68	59	29
Bw2	4.56	4.25	-0.31	0.02	4.31	0.01	-	2.15	0.91	1.30	1.93	5.89	2.69	67	25

Attribute	Surface horizon		Subsurface horizon
	Factor 1⁽¹⁾	Factor 2⁽¹⁾	Factor 1⁽¹⁾	Factor 2⁽¹⁾
pH H₂O	0.382	-0.718	0.842	-0.284
pHKCl	0.616	-0.572	0.698	-0.294
ΔpH	0.418	0.443	-0.634	0.184
CE	-0.445	0.002	0.329	0.656
COT	0.098	0.083	-0.022	0.244
K⁺	0.541	0.125	0.152	-0.198
Ca²⁺	-0.087	-0.793	0.518	-0.524
Mg²⁺	-0.681	-0.610	0.825	0.328
Al³⁺	-0.775	-0.271	0.720	0.588
H+Al	-0.716	0.265	-0.223	0.525
P	0.678	-0.214	-0.359	-0.392
V	0.175	-0.920	0.838	-0.488
M	-0.712	0.434	-0.001	0.901
T	-0.517	-0.798	0.960	0.024
Sand	0.803	0.007	-0.191	-0.923
Silt	-0.602	-0.588	0.645	0.438
Clay	-0.691	0.427	-0.153	0.905
Total variance (%)	32.57	26.19	32.21	28.23
Accumulated variance (%)	32.57	58.76	32.21	60.44

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Brasil

Brasil

GENESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS OF THE SANTANAMOUNTAIN RANGE IN THE SERIDÓ REGION, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL1 1 Part of the first author's Master's thesis.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO E GÊNESE DE SOLOS DA SERRA DE SANTANA, SERIDÓ POTIGUAR

ABSTRACT

GENESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS OF THE SANTANAMOUNTAIN RANGE IN THE SERIDÓ REGION, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL¹ 1 Part of the first author's Master's thesis.