Production and quality of pak choi grown in different hydroponic systems and electrical conductivities

Oliveira, Francisco de A. de; Costa, Mário J. V.; Oliveira, Maria do C. de; Oliveira, Mychelle K. T. de; Silva, Ronimeire T. da; Góis, Helena M. de M. N.; Ribeiro Filho, Jacques C.

doi:10.1590/1983-21252024v3712436rc

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Scientific Article • Rev. Caatinga 37 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252024v3712436rc copy

Production and quality of pak choi grown in different hydroponic systems and electrical conductivities

Produção e qualidade de pak choi cultivado em diferentes sistemas hidropônicos e condutividades elétricas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Pak choi is a leafy vegetable rich in important bioactives for human health. As this vegetable is cultivated predominantly in Europe and Asia, there is little information about it in the Brazilian literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and quality of pak choi cultivated in hydroponic systems using nutrient solutions of different electrical conductivities. An experiment was set up following a randomized block design, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with two hydroponic systems (NFT and Semi-hydroponic) and five levels of electrical conductivity (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 dS m^-1). The plants were harvested 35 days after transplanting and evaluated for the following variables: plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot fresh and dry mass, leaf succulence, specific leaf area, petiole firmness, juice pH and soluble solids. Growth and quality variables were affected by the interaction between EC levels and hydroponic systems. The semi-hydroponic system promoted the greatest development of pak choi plants and greater tolerance to salinity. Plants cultivated in the NFT system had a lower nutritional requirement to reach maximum growth. Increase in nutrient solution EC did not affect the visual quality of pak choi, but reduced the physicochemical quality of its leaves.

Keywords:
Brassica campestris var; chinensis. Leafy vegetables; Soilless cultivation; Hydroponics; Salt stress

Sources of variation	DF	Mean squares
Sources of variation	DF	PH	SD	NL	SFM	SDM	LA	SUC	SLA
HS	1	12.30^ns	4.01^ns	15.36*	33580.45**	51.35**	1190642.31**	691.49^ns	110.63^ns
NS	4	28.86^ns	5.71^ns	19.29**	38590.01**	59.68**	3040143.97**	1555.49*	2271.54**
HS×NS	4	12.51^ns	3.06^ns	5.56^ns	18844.08**	24.71**	904624.49**	202.74^ns	222.08^ns
Blocks	2	9.83^ns	4.48^ns	0.21^ns	408.24^ns	1.96^ns	232708.33^ns	140.36^ns	578.87^ns
Residual	18	13.31	2.6	2.74	726.92	1.65	72006.11	493.24	253.08
CV (%)		14.05	15.08	9.53	11.80	10.35	13.42	18.84	10.32
		PH	SD	NL	SFM	SDM	LA	SUC	SLA
		cm	mm	unit	------------g plant^-1------------		cm² plant^-1	g H₂O cm²	cm² g^-1 LDM
Mean		25.96	10.78	17.37	228.45	12.42	1999.64	117.88	154.17

Sources of variation	DF	Mean squares
Sources of variation	DF	FIRM	SS	pH
HS	1	18.89*	0.49^ns	0.19*
NS	4	114.05**	3.62**	0.10*
HS × NS	4	54.38**	0.62*	0.09*
Blocks	2	2.29^ns	0.18^ns	0.03^ns
Residual	18	2.96	0.14	0.03
CV (%)		10.88	10.86	3.06

Sources of variation	DF	Mean squares
Sources of variation	DF	a	b	L	c	°h
HS	1	0.17^ns	40.83*	5.63^ns	49.41**	15.41**
NS	4	0.48^ns	1.79^ns	20.71^ns	2.10^ns	1.79^ns
HS × NS	4	0.73^ns	3.55^ns	9.47^ns	5.42^ns	2.22^ns
Blocks	2	0.03^ns	5.08^ns	1.67^ns	4.76^ns	0.91^ns
Residual	18	0.64	5.77	11.05	5.24	1.39
CV (%)		9.45	7.46	9.37	6.82	1.13
		Means
		a	b	L	c	°h
Hydroponic systems
NFT		-8.54 a	31.07 b	35.89 a	32.27 b	105.32 a
Substrate		-8.39 a	33.40 a	35.03 a	34.84 a	103.89 b
Electrical conductivity (dS m^-1)
1.0		-8.52 a	31.70 a	38.15 a	32.82 a	105.05 a
2.0		-8.75 a	32.28 a	35.15 a	34.10 a	105.23 a
3.0		-8.05 a	31.88 a	36.10 a	33.23 a	104.20 a
4.0		-8.32 a	32.28 a	33.08 a	33.42 a	103.95 a
5.0		-8.68 a	33.12 a	34.82 a	34.22 a	104.58 a

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[1] *Corresponding author: <thikaoamigao@ufersa.edu.br>