COMPETITIVIDADE RELATIVA ENTRE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO E BIÓTIPO DE LEITEIRO

GALON, LEANDRO; GABIATTI, RICARDO LUIS; BASSO, FELIPE JOSÉ MENIN; RADÜNZ, ANDRÉ LUIZ; REICHERT JÚNIOR, FRANCISCO WILSON; FIABANI, RENAN CARLOS

doi:10.1590/1983-21252021v34n206rc

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Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 34 (2) • Apr-Jun 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n206rc copiar

COMPETITIVIDADE RELATIVA ENTRE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO E BIÓTIPO DE LEITEIRO

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

O milho é um dos principais cereais cultivados no mundo e o leiteiro aparece entre as plantas daninhas que causam prejuízos na produção de grãos. Objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar a habilidade competitiva relativa de híbridos de milho na presença de um biótipo de leiteiro, por meio de experimentos em série de substituição. Em experimentos preliminares, determinou-se a população de plantas em que a massa seca se torna constante. Tanto para os híbridos de milho Agroeste, Morgan, Nidera e Velox, quanto para o leiteiro, a população foi de 20 indivíduos vaso^-1. Posteriormente foram instalados experimentos conduzidos em série de substituição, nas diferentes combinações das espécies, variando-se as proporções relativas (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100%). A análise da competitividade das espécies foi efetuada por meio de diagramas aplicados a experimentos substitutivos e pelos índices de competitividade relativa. A estatura (EP), índice de clorofila (IC), área foliar (AF) e a massa seca da parte aérea (MS) das plantas foram avaliadas aos 50 dias após a emergência. Ocorre competição entre os híbridos de milho com o leiteiro, sendo ambos afetados negativamente, independentemente da proporção de plantas, provocando reduções nas EP, IC, AF e MS das espécies. A competição entre o milho e leiteiro ocorre basicamente pelos mesmos recursos do meio. A competição interespecífica ocasiona maiores prejuízos ao milho e o leiteiro do que a competição intraespecífica. De modo geral observou-se que apenas os híbridos Nidera e Velox foram mais competitivos do que o leiteiro.

Palavras-chave:
Zea mays; Euphorbia heterophylla; Interação competitiva

Company	Pedigree	Genotype	Cycle and biotechnology
Agroeste	AS 1551 PRO2	Híbrido Simples	Super-early and biotechnology VT PRO 2
Morgan	MG 300 PW	Híbrido Simples	Super-early and biotechnology PowerCore
Nidera	NS 92 PRO	Híbrido Simples	Early and biotechnology VT PRO
Syngenta	Velox TL	Híbrido Simples	Early and biotechnology TL

Proportion Maize: weed Weed: maize	Plant height		Chlorophyll index		Leaf area		Dry mass
	Agroeste vs wild poinsettia
	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed
100:0 (T)	44.55	15.32	25.96	34.96	2583.51	503.58	23.97	4.75
75:25	43.49	17.38	28.56	30.24	1713.91^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	107.00^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	22.33	2.78^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).
50:50	40.13^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	15.58	23.70	36.76	814.38^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	28.24^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	8.65^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	2.19^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).
25:75	30.17^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	8.56^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	21.40	22.98^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	571.41^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	27.38^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	7.58^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	0.38^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).
CV (%)	3.51	8.30	10.70	14.01	16.33	20.66	16.21	24.40
Proportion	Morgan vs wild poinsettia
Proportion	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed
100:0 (T)	45.33	13.29	29.11	34.77	1652.40	159.17	19.50	7.49
75:25	43.87	16.66^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	27.41	32.93	1083.95^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	138.10	10.38^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	3.95^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).
50:50	33.98^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	11.19^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	22.31^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	27.31^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	952.74^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	106.69	7.83^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	1.82^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).
25:75	25.21^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	15.32^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	17.38^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	25.52^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	327.93^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	15.81^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	5.96^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	1.03^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).
CV (%)	6.84	4.16	4.01	7.95	18.54	24.57	8.47	12.48
Proportion	Nidera vs wild poinsettia
Proportion	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed
100:0 (T)	51.14	16.59	33.52	40.56	2752.93	502.92	35.87	4.03
75:25	46.22	17.09	31.11^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	40.33	2259.40^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	241.58^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	12.09^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	2.52^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).
50:50	37.62^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	9.56^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	25.21^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	24.26^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	971.58^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	119.36^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	14.82^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	1.67^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).
25:75	25.33^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	17.47	15.59^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	31.25^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	500.66^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	61.21^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	6.49^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	0.55^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).
CV (%)	5.75	5.76	2.64	2,79	7.43	10.49	20.73	15.43
Proportion	Velox vs wild poinsettia
Proportion	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed
100:0 (T)	43.23	17.16	22.67	45.26	2593.70	598.73	19.44	2.82
75:25	40.80^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	14.06^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	24.00	28.24^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	1771.73^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	283.23^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	14.16^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	2.02^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).
50:50	32.63^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	13.84^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	18.56^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	22.87^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	696.94^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	38.23^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	12.09^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	1.59^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).
25:75	30.73^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	13.18^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	17.31^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	21.03^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	580.19^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	80.87^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	6.49^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).	0.43^* *Average differs from control (T) by Dunnett's test (p<0.05).
CV (%)	4.56	6.23	8.22	14.40	4.70	3.34	7.96	7.32

Variable	RC	K_{x maize}	K_{y weed}	A
Variable	Plant height
Agroeste x weed	0.89 (±0.02)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.82 (±0.02)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	1.04 (±0.03)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	-0.06 (±0.01)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.
Morgan x weed	0.89 (±0.04)	0.60 (±0.02)	0.73(±0.06)	-0.05 (±0.02)
Nidera x weed	1.28 (±0.07)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.59 (±0.06)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.40 (±0.01)	0.08 (±0.02)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.
Velox x weed	0.86 (±0.05)	0.53 (±0.03)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.68 (±0.04)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	-0.06 (±0.02)
Chlorophyll index
Agroeste x weed	0.88 (±0.10)	0.85 (±0.10)	1.12 (±0.12)	-0.07 (±0.05)
Morgan x weed	0.98 (±0.01)	0.62 (±0.01)	0.65 (±0.009)	-0.01 (±0,01)
Nidera x weed	1.26 (±0.04)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.60 (±0.03)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.43 (±0.006)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.08 (±0.01)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.
Velox x weed	1.63 (±0.14)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.70 (±0.05)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.34 (±0.02)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.16 (±0.03)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.
Leaf area
Agroeste x weed	5.62 (±0.44)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.19 (±0.02)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.03 (±0.0001)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.13 (±0.01)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.
Morgan x weed	0.86 (±0.07)	0.41 (±0.05)	0.51 (±0.04)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	-0.05 (±0.02)
Nidera x weed	1.51 (±0.17)	0.21 (±0.01)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.13 (±0.01)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.06 (±0.01)
Velox x weed	4.00 (±0.07)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.16 (±0.006)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.03 (±0.001)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.10 (±0.001)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.
Shoot dry mass
Agroeste x weed	0.71 (±0.04)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.22 (±0.03)	0.30 (±0.02)	-0.005 (±0.01)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.
Morgan x weed	1.67 (±0.19)	0.25 (±0.02)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.14 (±0.08)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.08 (±0.02)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.
Nidera x weed	1.00 (±0.04)	0.26 (±0.01)	0.26 (±0.03)	-0.0008 (±0.01)
Velox x weed	1.11 (±0.04)	0.45 (±0.03)^* *Significant difference by the t test (p <0.05). Values in parentheses represent the standard error of the average. Kx and Ky are the relative grouping coefficients of the maize hybrids and weed competitor, respectively.	0.39 (±0.02)	0.03 (±0.01)

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