PULVERIZAÇÃO DE CHLORIMURON-ETHYL EM CULTIVARES DE SOJA CONVENCIONAL E TRANSGÊNICA SOB DIFERENTES MANEJOS HÍDRICOS

Gonçalves, Clebson Gomes; Silva Junior, Antonio Carlos da; Scarano, Maynumi; Pereira, Maria Renata Rocha; Martins, Dagoberto

doi:10.1590/1983-21252018v31n405rc

Brasil

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AGRONOMIA • Rev. Caatinga 31 (04) • Oct-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n405rc linkcopiar

PULVERIZAÇÃO DE CHLORIMURON-ETHYL EM CULTIVARES DE SOJA CONVENCIONAL E TRANSGÊNICA SOB DIFERENTES MANEJOS HÍDRICOS

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

O déficit hídrico é um fator limitante, pois desencadeiam diferentes adaptações fisiológicas e anatômicas que tem efeitos deletérios nas plantas o que pode afetar a seletividade dos herbicidas e ocasionar perdas às culturas agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do herbicida chlorimuron-ethyl, pulverizado em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da soja, cultivar convencional e transgênica, sob diferentes manejos de água no solo. A dose de 20 g i.a. ha^-1 do herbicida chlorimuron-ethyl foi aplicada em dois estádios fenológico (V2-primeiro trifólio aberto e V4-terceiro trifólio aberto) de duas cultivares de soja: MG/BR 46 Conquista (convencional) e BRS Valiosa (RR), sob três condições hídricas no solo (-0,03; -0,07 e -0,5 MPa). Avaliou-se a fitointoxicação e altura de plantas aos 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias após a aplicação do herbicida. Ao final do estudo, determinou-se a massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca das raízes e nodulação do sistema radicular por meio do número e massa seca de nódulos. Constatou-se que, em condição de déficit hídrico as plantas de soja apresentaram uma menor fitotoxicidade visual quando submetida à pulverização do herbicida chlorimuron-ethyl. Além disso, o uso do herbicida chlorimuron-ethyl reduziu o crescimento e a biomassa das plantas de soja, afetando também a nodulação da cultura. A cultivar transgênica BRS Valiosa RR mostrou um melhor desempenho quando submetida a uma condição de escassez hídrica moderada (-0,07 MPa) para sustentar a fixação biológica de nitrogênio.

Palavras chave: Déficit hídrico; Inibidor da ALS; Fitointoxicação; Glycine max; Seletividade

Condition	Phytotoxicity (%)
	3 DAA		7 DAA		14 DAA		21 DAA
	Cultivar (C)
Conventional	4.08 b		5.58 b		6.75 a		3.33 a
Transgenic	5.50 a		7.50 a		4.33 b		1.50 b
	Water potential (MPa)
-0.03	8.00 a		10.00 a		9.63 a		4.13 a
-0.07	4.38 b		7.00 b		4.75 b		2.88 b
-0.5	2.00 c		2.63 c		2.25 c		0.25 c
Interaction	Cultivar
Water potential	Co	Tr	Co	Tr	Co	Tr	Co	Tr
-0.03	-	-	-	-	12.00 aA	7.25 aB	5.25 aA	3.00 aB
-0.07	-	-	-	-	6.00 bA	3.50 bB	4.50 aA	1.25 bB
-0.5	-	-	-	-	2.25 cA	2.25 bA	0.25 bA	0.25 bA
F Cultivar (C)	5.67*		10.65**		36.57**		30.25**
Water potential (W)	34.37**		53.17**		117.43**		46.94**
(C) x (W)	2.72^ns		2.56^ns		11.78**		8.31**
CV (%)	30.4		22		17.7		33.8
LSD (C)	1.25		1.23		0.84		0.7
LSD (W)	1.86		1.84		1.25		1.04
LSD Interaction (C)	-		-		1.45		1.21
LSD Interaction (W)	-		-		1.77		1.47

Condition	Phytotoxicity (%)
	3 DAA		7 DAA		14 DAA		21 DAA
	Cultivar (C)
Conventional	5.83 a		12.17 a		10.33 a		5.00 b
Transgenic	4.17 b		12.33 a		11.33 a		6.50 a
	Water potential (MPa)
-0.03	9.13 a		16.63 a		18.38 a		11.00 a
-0.07	4.88 b		13.25 b		11.38 b		5.25 b
-0.5	1.00 c		6.88 c		2.75 c		1.00 c
Interaction	Cultivar
Water potential	Co	Tr	Co	Tr	Co	Tr	Co	Tr
-0.03	-	-	-	-	18.50 aA	18.25 aA	11.00 aA	11.00 aA
-0.07	-	-	-	-	9.00 bB	13.75 bA	3.00 bB	7.50 bA
-0.5	-	-	-	-	3.50 cA	2.00 cA	1.00 cA	1.00 cA
F Cultivar (C)	5.94*		0.03^ns		1.76^ns		5.57*
Water potential (W)	47.09**		40.58**		143.43**		98.03**
(C) x (W)	1.17^ns		1.15^ns		6.40**		6.57**
CV (%)	33.5		17.9		17.1		24.9
LSD (C)	1.44		1.88		1.58		1.23
LSD (W)	2.14		2.81		2.36		1.83
LSD Interaction (C)	-		-		2.74		2.13
LSD Interaction (W)	-		-		3.34		2.59

Condition	Plant Height (cm)
	3 DAA	7 DAA	14 DAA	21 DAA
	Cultivar (C)
Conventional	10.52 a	11.79 a	14.85 a	17.27 a
Transgenic	10.38 a	11.92 a	15.23 a	17.92 a
	Water potential (MPa)
-0.03	11.22 a	13.13 a	18.03 a	22.72 a
-0.07	10.34 b	12.16 b	15.34 b	17.59 b
-0.5	9.78 b	10.28 c	11.75 c	12.47 c
	Herbicide Application (H)
Yes	10.27 a	11.67 a	14.63 b	16.94 b
No	10.63 a	12.04 a	15.46 a	18.25 a
F Cultivar (C)	0.37^ns	0.20^ns	1.17^ns	2.11^ns
Water potential (W)	12.18^**	35.67**	110.02^**	176.82**
Herbicide Application (H)	2.18^ns	1.80^ns	5.77*	8.70**
(C) x (W)	0.76^ns	0.05^ns	1.05^ns	1.09^ns
(C) x (H)	2.18^ns	1.80^ns	0.13^ns	1.16^ns
(W) x (H)	2.29^ns	1.22^ns	0.72^ns	2.63^ns
(C) x (W) x (H)	2.21^ns	1.02^ns	1.31^ns	0.14^ns
CV (%)	8	8.2	8	8.8
LSD (C)/(H)	0.49	0.57	0.7	0.9
LSD (W)	0.72	0.84	1.04	1.33

Condition	Plant Height (cm)
	3 DAA	7 DAA	14 DAA	21 DAA
	Cultivar
Conventional	15.73 b	17.94 a	21.56 a	27.13 a
Transgenic	16.71 a	18.85 a	22.10 a	27.65 a
	Water potential (MPa)
-0.03	18.91 a	21.50 a	26.00 a	33.41 a
-0.07	16.41 b	19.16 b	23.13 b	28.63 b
-0.5	13.34 c	14.93 c	16.38 c	20.13 c
	Herbicide Application
Yes	15.79 a	17.42 b	20.13 b	24.59 b
No	16.65 a	19.28 a	23.54 a	30.19 a
F Cultivar (C)	4.36*	2.92^ns	0.56^ns	0.54^ns
Water potential (W)	47.03**	58.18**	62.32**	122.68**
Herbicide Application (H)	3.31^ns	13.31**	22.35**	63.68**
(C) x (W)	0.39^ns	0.46^ns	0.44^ns	2.09^ns
(C) x (H)	0.05^ns	0.02^ns	1.20^ns	0.46^ns
(W) x (H)	1.52^ns	4.27*	8.78**	17.56**
(C) x (W) x (H)	0.48^ns	0.46^ns	1.65^ns	2.61^ns
CV (%)	10	8.2	11.5	8.9
LSD (C)/(H)	0.95	1.09	1.47	1.42
LSD (W)	1.40	1.61	2.16	2.10

Interaction	Plant Height (cm)
	3 DAA		7 DAA		14 DAA		21 DAA
Water potential	Herbicide Application
	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
-0.03	-	-	19.50 aB	23.50 aA	22.19 aB	29.81 aA	27.81 aB	39.00 aA
-0.07	-	-	19.06 aA	19.25 bA	22.13 aA	24.13 bA	26.44 aB	30.81 bA
-0.5	-	-	13.69 bA	15.38 cA	16.06 bA	16.69 cA	19.51 bA	20.75 cA
LSD (Row)	-		1.89		2.54		2.46
LSD (Column)	-		2.27		3.06		2.96

Condition	Phenological stage
	V2		V4
	SDW (g)	RDW (g)	SDW (g)	RDW (g)
	Cultivar (C)
Conventional	0.86 a	0.39 a	2.45 b	1.21 a
Transgenic	0.91 a	0.39 a	2.96 a	1.02 b
	Water potential (MPa) (W)
-0.03	1.42 a	0.58 a	4.66 a	2.09 a
-0.07	0.85 b	0.40 b	2.60 b	0.92 b
-0.5	0.38 c	0.19 c	0.86 c	0.34 c
	Herbicide Application (H)
Yes	0.78 b	0.35 b	2.49 b	2.84 b
No	0.99 a	0.43 a	2.92 a	1.39 a
F Cultivar (C)	0.31^ns	0.01^ns	23.36**	9.45**
Water potential (W)	54.85**	62.04**	434.84**	275.80**
Herbicide Application (H)	7.21*	7.63**	16.66**	78.56**
(C) x (W)	0.30^ns	0.31^ns	4.94*	15.78**
(C) x (H)	2.04^ns	1.07^ns	2.73^ns	32.49**
(W) x (H)	3.23^ns	3.48*	6.75**	48.50**
(C) x (W) x (H)	0.11^ns	0.03^ns	1.34^ns	19.01**
CV (%)	31.7	25.6	13.5	19.3
LSD (C)/(H)	0.16	0.06	0.21	0.13
LSD (W)	0.24	0.09	0.31	0.19

Interaction	Phenological stage
	V2				V4
	SDW (g)		RDW (g)		SDW (g)		RDW (g)
	Cultivar
Water potential (MPa)	Co	Tr	Co	Tr	Co	Tr	Co	Tr
-0.03	-	-	-	-	4.28 aB	5.04 aA	2.43 aA	1.75 aB
-0.07	-	-	-	-	2.23 bB	2.96 bA	0.86 bA	0.99 bA
-0.5	-	-	-	-	0.84 cA	0.88 cA	0.35 cA	0.32 cA
LSD (Row)	-		-		0.45		0.26
LSD (Column)	-		-		0.37		0.22
Cultivar	Herbicide Application
	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Conventional	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.76 aB	1.66 aA
Transgenic	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.92 aB	1.12 bA
LSD (Row)/(Column)							0.18
Water potential	Herbicide Application
	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
-0.03	-	-	0.49 aB	0.68 aA	4.17 aB	5.14 aA	1.39 aB	2.80 aA
-0.07	-	-	0.38 aA	0.43 bA	2.48bA	2.71 bA	0.81 bB	1.04 bA
-0.5	-	-	0.18 bA	0.19 cA	0.82 cA	0.91 cA	0.33 cA	0.35 cA
LSD (Row)	-		0.102		0.37		0.22
LSD (Column)	-		0.122		0.45		0.26

Condition	Phenological stage
	V2		V4
	NN	NDW (g)	NN	NDW (g)
	Cultivar
Conventional	0.83 a	0.019 a	4.67 b	0.22 b
Transgenic	0.53 b	0.009 b	5.25 a	0.25 a
	Water potential (MPa)
-0.03	2.04 a	0.042 a	9.27 a	0.52 a
-0.07	0.00 b	0.00 b	3.78 b	0.14 b
-0.5	0.00 b	0.00 b	1.83 c	0.04 c
	Herbicide Application
Yes	0.12 b	0.003 b	3.99 b	0.17 b
No	1.24 a	0.025 a	5.92 a	0.30 a
F Cultivar (C)	5.40*	13.91**	4.67*	7.90**
Water potential (W)	115.12**	97.38**	276.63**	497.13**
Herbicide Application (H)	78.64**	62.26**	52.18**	85.13**
(C) x (W)	5.40**	13.91**	3.29*	7.42**
(C) x (H)	5.40*	13.91**	1.45^ns	1.75^ns
(W) x (H)	78.64**	62.26**	11.87**	33.85**
(C) x (W) x (H)	5.40**	13.91	3.58*	4.80*
CV (%)	64.6	71.3	18.7	19.5
LSD (C)/(H)	0.26	0.006	0.54	0.03
LSD (W)	0.38	0.009	0.80	0.04

Interaction	Phenological stage
	V2				V4
	NN		NDW (g)		NM		NDW (g)
	Cultivar
Water potential (MPa)	Co	Tr	Co	Tr	Co	Tr	Co	Tr
-0.03	2.48 aA	1.60 aB	0.06 aA	0.03 aB	9.23 aA	9.30 aA	0.52 aA	0.52 aA
-0.07	0.00 bA	0.00 bA	0.00 bA	0.00 bA	3.00 bB	4.55 bA	0.09 bB	0.20 bA
-0.5	0.00 bA	0.00 bA	0.00 bA	0.00 bA	1.78 cA	1.88 cA	0.04bA	0.04 cA
LSD (Row)	0.54		0.01		1.13		0.06
LSD (Column)	0.45		0.01		0.94		0.05
Cultivar	Herbicide Application
	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Conventional	0.12 aB	1.54 aA	0.003 aB	0.04 aA	-	-	-
Transgenic	0.12 aB	0.95 bA	0.003 aB	0.01 bA	-	-	-
LSD (Row)/(Column)	0.36		0.008		-		-
Water potential	Herbicide Application
	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
-0.03	0.35 aB	3.72 aA	0.008 aB	0.076 aA	7.76 aB	10.77 aA	0.39 aB	0.66 aA
-0.07	0.00 aA	0.00 bA	0.00 aA	0.00 bA	2.44 bB	5.12 bA	0.09 bB	0.19 bA
-0.5	0.00 aA	0.00bA	0.00 aA	0.00 bA	1.78 bA	1.88 cA	0.04 cA	0.04 cA
LSD (Row)	0.45		0.01		0.94		0.046
LSD (Column)	0.54		0.01		1.13		0.056

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[TFN1] ** = Significant at 1% probability level; * = Significant at the 5% probability level; ns = Not significant. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and uppercase letter in the row were statistically similar by the Tukey test (p<0.05). DAA = days after application; Tr = transgenic; Co = Conventional; CV = Coefficient of variation; LSD = least significant difference.