Dependência espacial da produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, altitude e atributos físicos do solo em um transecto

Souza, Diego H. S. de; Silva, Ênio F. de F.; Paz-González, Antonio; Siqueira, Glécio M.; Dantas, Daniel da C.

doi:10.1590/1983-21252023v36n417rc

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Agricultural Engineering • Rev. Caatinga 36 (4) • Oct-Dec 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n417rc linkcopiar

Dependência espacial da produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, altitude e atributos físicos do solo em um transecto

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

O manejo do solo em áreas com produção de cana-deaçúcar ocasiona modificações nos atributos físicos do solo, e a geoestatística permite estudar o comportamento de distribuição espacial destas variações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento da distribuição espacial da produtividade média da cana-de-açúcar, da altitude e dos atributos físicos do solo ao longo um transecto, localizado no município de Goiana, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. A produtividade média da cana-de-açúcar, a altitude e os atributos físicos do solo: densidade do solo, porosidade total, micro e macro porosidade, areia (total, grossa e fina), silte e argila, nas camadas de 0,00-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m de profundidade, foram quantificados em 145 pontos com intervalos de 20 m entre os pontos ao longo do transecto caracterizado por uma toposequência de Argissolo e Espodossolo. A análise exploratória dos dados foi realizada por meio da estatística descritiva. A análise de dependência espacial foi realizada por meio da geoestatística. Os pares das semivariâncias foram obtidos utilizando o programa GS⁺. A construção e o ajuste dos semivariogramas foram realizados utilizando a ferramenta geoestatística GEOEAS. Os maiores conteúdo de argila e silte foram verificados nos trechos mais baixos do transecto, na camada de 0,20-0,40 m. O maior conteúdo de macroporos foi observado na camada subsuperficial do solo. Os trechos com menor conteúdo de microporos, apresentaram menor produtividade média da cana-de-açúcar, em torno de 32,00 t.ha^-1. O modelo geoestatístico que melhor se ajustou ao conjunto dos dados foi o esférico.

Palavras-chave Distribuição espacial; Física do solo; Geoestatística; Variabilidade espacial

Variables	Layer (m)	Mean	Median	Min.⁶ 6 Minimum;	Max.⁷ 7 Maximum;	Skew.⁸ 8 Skewness;	Kurt.⁹ 9 Kurtosis; Coefficient of Variation;	CV¹⁰	D¹¹ 11 Maximum deviation from the normal distribution; n: data with normal distribution by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at 5% significance level; Ln: data with Lognormal distribution by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at 5% significance.
Yield¹ 1 Sugarcane yield (t.ha-1);	_	53.23	55.58	42.46.52	57.27	-0.70	-0.65	7.86	0.20 Ln
Altitude² 2 Altitude (m);	_	46.24	41.00	6.00	78.00	0.04	-1.44	48.79	0.15 Ln
Bd³	0.00 - 0.20	1.60	1.61	1.31	1.87	-0.15	-0.43	7.20	0.04 n
	0.20 - 0.40	1.63	1.63	1.29	1.93	-0.02	-0.35	8.08	0.04 n
TP⁴	0.00 - 0.20	43.60	44.29	28.57	57.65	-0.18	-0.40	13.38	0.07 n
	0.20 - 0.40	42.46	42.76	28.75	57.92	0.04	-0.33	14.41	0.06 n
Mi⁴	0.00 - 0.20	40.62	40.92	26.84	57.35	0.09	-0.21	15.33	0.04 n
	0.20 - 0.40	39.11	39.43	24.79	54.48	0.05	-0.39	16.15	0.07 n
Ma⁴	0.00 - 0.20	2.87	2.65	1.02	5.41	0.70	-0.16	34.19	0.14 n
	0.20 - 0.40	3.20	3.13	1.25	5.42	0.21	-0.50	29.20	0.07 n
Total Sand⁵	0.00 - 0.20	857.04	862.00	724.00	958.00	-0.53	-0.07	6.08	0.09 n
	0.20 - 0.40	853.52	858.00	740.00	950.00	-0.37	-0.24	5.59	0.07 n
Coarse Sand⁵	0.00 - 0.20	634.65	636.00	506.00	754.00	-0.16	-0.49	9.20	0.053 n
	0.20 - 0.40	631.99	634.00	474.00	806.00	-0.16	-0.36	10.62	0.050 n
Fine Sand⁵	0.00 - 0.20	222.98	224.00	152.00	294.00	0.07	-0.47	12.78	0.054 n
	0.20 - 0.40	212.50	214.00	148.00	268.00	-0.19	-0.53	13.04	0.046 n
Silt⁵	0.00 - 0.20	19.36	10.00	0.00	72.00	1.05	-0.09	97.68	0.20 Ln
	0.20 - 0.40	22.59	18.00	0.00	80.00	0.78	-0.13	81.89	0.18 Ln
Clay⁵	0.00 - 0.20	119.40	114.00	34.00	197.60	0.04	-0.24	28.99	0.07 n
	0.20 - 0.40	119.24	122.00	42.00	202.00	0.12	-0.29	30.95	0.08 n

Variables	layer (m)	C₀	C₁	a (m)	model	R²	SDI (%)	Validation Parameters of Semivariograms
Variables	layer (m)	C₀	C₁	a (m)	model	R²	SDI (%)	Mean	Standard Deviation
Yield (t.ha^-1)	_	5.00	75.00	250.00	Exp.	0.86	6.25	0.04	1.10
Altitude (m)	_	0.90	40.00	410.00	Gau.	0.91	2.20	0.07	0.87
Bd (kg.dm-3)	0.00-0.20	0.009	0.004	150.00	Esf.	0.43	70.59	0.004	0.98
	0.20-0.40	0.009	0.005	100.00	Esf.	0.15	64.29	0.004	0.99
TP (%)	0.00-0.20	19.00	22.00	130.00	Esf.	0.44	46.34	0.003	0.95
	0.20-0.40	24.00	20.00	100.00	Esf.	0.38	54.55	0.006	1.00
Ma (%)	0.00-0.20	2.10	2.00	250.00	Esf.	0.57	51.22	0.005	0.97
	0.20-0.40	0.80	0.50	260.00	Esf.	0.63	61.54	0.001	1.03
Mi (%)	0.00-0.20	17.00	26.00	60.00	Exp.	0.51	39.54	0.001	1.02
	0.20-0.40	25.00	23.00	62.00	Exp.	0.40	52.08	0.006	0.98
Total Sand (g.kg^-1)	0.00-0.20	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	PNE	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.
	0.20-0.40	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	PNE	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.
Coarse Sand (g.kg^-1)	0.00-0.20	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	PNE	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.
	0.20-0.40	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	PNE	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.
Fine Sand (g.kg^-1)	0.00-0.20	8.00	2.00	250.00	Exp.	0.73	80.00	0.002	1.01
	0.20-0.40	6.80	4.00	250.00	Exp.	0.26	92.96	0.01	1.50
Silt (g.kg^-1)	0.00-0.20	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	PNE	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.
	0.20-0.40	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	PNE	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.
Clay (g.kg^-1)	0.00-0.20	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	PNE	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.
	0.20-0.40	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	PNE	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.	^* * Geostatistical adjustment was not allowed; Exp.: Exponential; Gau.: Gaussian; Sph.: Spherical; PNE: Pure Nugget Effect.

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[TFN1] ¹
Sugarcane yield (t.ha^-1);

[TFN2] ²
Altitude (m);

[TFN3] ³
Soil bulk density (kg.dm^-3);

[TFN4] ⁴
Total porosity, Microporosity, Macroporosity (%);

[TFN5] ⁵
Total Sand, Coarse Sand, Fine Sand, Silt, and Clay (g.kg^-1);

[TFN6] ⁶
Minimum;

[TFN7] ⁷
Maximum;

[TFN8] ⁸
Skewness;

[TFN9] ⁹
Kurtosis; Coefficient of Variation;

[TFN10] ¹¹
Maximum deviation from the normal distribution; n: data with normal distribution by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at 5% significance level; Ln: data with Lognormal distribution by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at 5% significance.