SPENT MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE of Pleurotus ostreatus KUMMER INCREASES BASIL BIOMASS AND ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD<sup/>

CARMO, CRISTIANO OLIVEIRA DO; RODRIGUES, MARCOS DE SOUZA; SILVA, FRANCELI DA; IRINEU, TÂMARA GRAZIELE MATOS; SOARES, ANA CRISTINA FERMINO

doi:10.1590/1983-21252021v34n306rc

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Article • Rev. Caatinga 34 (3) • Jul-Sep 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n306rc copy

SPENT MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE of Pleurotus ostreatus KUMMER INCREASES BASIL BIOMASS AND ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD¹ 1 Received for publication in 07/31/2020; accepted in 03/23/2021. Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author.

SUBSTRATO PÓS-CULTIVO DE Pleurotus ostreatus Kummer AUMENTA A BIOMASSA E RENDIMENTO DE OLEO ESSENCIAL NO MANJERICÃO

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Lignocellulosic residues are used to produce mushrooms, but they generate large amounts of spent mushroom substrate (SMS). The objective of this study was to evaluate they effect of SMS of Pleurotus ostreatus, combined with organic fertilization, on biomass production and essential oil yield of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants. The fertilizer was formulated using combinations of organic compounds: SMS, organic compost (OC), and earthworm humus (EH). The treatments were applied using 35 g of the formulations, corresponding to an application of 20 Mg ha^-1. The treatments used were: 100% OC; 100% EH; 100% SMS; 75% SMS + 25% OC (C1); 75% SMS + 25% EH (C2); 50% SMS + 50% OC (C3); 50% SMS + 50% EH (C4); 50% SMS + 25% OC + 25% EH (C5), and a control with no fertilizer application (CT). Plants grown with the soil fertilizers containing SMS, single or combined with OC and EH, presented higher average plant height (55.6 to 62.2 cm) and leaf area per plant (696.5 to 836.4 cm²). The treatment C3 resulted in plants with higher mean dry weight (10.9 g plant^-1), and C2 resulted in the highest oil yield (5.0 kg ha^-1), representing a gain of 324.8% in oil yield when compared to the control. Thus, SMS increases biomass production and essential oil yield of basil plants.

Keywords:
Ocimum basilicum ; Sisal residue; Organic fertilization; Medicinal plants

Treatments	OC (%)	EH (%)	SMS (%)
OC	100	0	0
EH	0	100	0
SMS	0	0	100
C1	25	0	75
C2	0	25	75
C3	50	0	50
C4	0	50	50
C5	25	25	50
CT	0	0	0

Characteristics	OC	EH	SMS
pH	7.5	7.8	6.60
Organic Matter (%)	21.98	36.46	61.17
Organic Carbon (%)	10.79	18.88	32.61
Total Nitrogen (%)	1.98	2.29	1.72
Phosphorus (%)	0.59	1.09	0.77
Potassium (%)	1.00	1.10	0.23
Calcium (%)	3.04	1.56	10.44
Magnesium (%)	0.71	0.73	0.51
Sulfur (%)	0.12	0.03	0.20
C to N ratio (C/N)	5	8	19

Treatments	Length (cm)				Stem diameter (mm)
	15	30	45	60	15	30	45	60
OC	10.35 a	29.08 b	40.13 c	48.48 b	2.95 a	4.88 a	5.38 a	6.50 a
EH	9.04 a	27.13 b	40.89 c	50.44 b	3.08 a	5.13 a	5.50 a	6.50 a
SMS	8.75 a	20.91 c	46.68 b	62.24 a	3.13 a	5.00 a	5.75 a	6.50 a
C1	10.50 a	26.10 b	51.34 a	57.09 a	3.25 a	5.00 a	6.00 a	6.13 a
C2	11.56 a	26.11 b	54.85 a	59.70 a	3.31 a	5.25 a	5.75 a	6.00 a
C3	9.81 a	30.53 a	49.53 a	60.88 a	3.06 a	4.50 a	5.75 a	5.75 a
C4	12.48 a	33.61 a	51.08 a	61.50 a	3.00 a	4.06 a	5.50 a	6.06 a
C5	10.85 a	32.05 a	46.33 b	55.58 a	2.81 b	3.69 b	5.50 a	6.19 a
CT	7.29 a	12.54 d	24.08 d	24.44 c	2.63 c	3.13 c	3.28 b	3.33 b
CV	22.6	10.50	9.37	12.6	7.08	10.61	12.36	10.40
Treatments	Leaf area (cm²)				Total plant dry weight (g)
Treatments	15	30	45	60	15	30	45	60
OC	92.35 a	281.69 a	405.66 b	528.74 b	0.41 a	2.71 a	5.54 b	8.86 b
EH	83.87 a	308.10 a	468.13 b	522.37 b	0.40 a	2.76 a	5.42 b	6.84 c
SMS	70.56 a	118.27 c	485.72 b	706.43 a	0.40 a	1.08 c	4.95 b	9.74 b
C1	87.19 a	247.21 a	616.61 a	836.49 a	0.45 a	2.08 b	6.93 a	9.18 b
C2	81.72 a	189.88 b	652.68 a	742.56 a	0.44 a	1.96 b	7.03 a	9.94 b
C3	90.29 a	333.73 a	671.82 a	774.00 a	0.48 a	2.64 a	7.24 a	10.93 a
C4	101.44 a	336.89 a	612.36 a	696.49 a	0.53 a	3.00 a	7.32 a	9.99 b
C5	96.48 a	346.10 a	689.68 a	722.54 a	0.48 a	2.89 a	8.08 a	9.68 b
CT	50.00 a	70.31 c	155.61 c	143.01 c	0.29 a	0.84 c	1.60 c	1.82 d
CV	17.84	19.52	14.82	11.39	19.77	16.26	16.94	7.40

Treatments	pH	OM	P	K	Ca	Mg	H+Al	SB	CEC	BS
Treatments	CaCl₂	g dm³	mg dm^-3;	mmolc dm^-3;						%
CT1	5.6	14	7	<0.9	14	7	14	22.3	32.9	46.8
CT2	5.7	14	5	<0.9	14	7	12	21.7	33.7	64
OC	5.6	16	12	1.4	13	9	13	23.4	36.4	64
EH	5.4	17	18	1.5	12	14	13	27.5	40.5	68
SMS	6.2	15	17	<0.9	36	12	9	48.6	57.6	84
C1	6.6	16	19	<0.9	39	10	8	49.7	57.7	86
C2	6.5	16	18	<0.9	30	10	9	40.6	49.6	82
C3	6.5	15	16	0.9	26	10	10	36.9	46.9	79
C4	6.3	15	17	0.9	24	10	10	34.9	44.9	78
C5	6.2	15	16	1.1	27	10	10	38.1	48.1	79

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Treatments	OC (%)	EH (%)	SMS (%)
OC	100	0	0
EH	0	100	0
SMS	0	0	100
C1	25	0	75
C2	0	25	75
C3	50	0	50
C4	0	50	50
C5	25	25	50
CT	0	0	0

Treatments	OC (%)	EH (%)	SMS (%)
OC	100	0	0
EH	0	100	0
SMS	0	0	100
C1	25	0	75
C2	0	25	75
C3	50	0	50
C4	0	50	50
C5	25	25	50
CT	0	0	0

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SPENT MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE of Pleurotus ostreatus KUMMER INCREASES BASIL BIOMASS AND ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD1 1 Received for publication in 07/31/2020; accepted in 03/23/2021. Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author.

SUBSTRATO PÓS-CULTIVO DE Pleurotus ostreatus Kummer AUMENTA A BIOMASSA E RENDIMENTO DE OLEO ESSENCIAL NO MANJERICÃO

ABSTRACT

SPENT MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE of Pleurotus ostreatus KUMMER INCREASES BASIL BIOMASS AND ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD¹ 1 Received for publication in 07/31/2020; accepted in 03/23/2021. Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author.

Treatments	OC (%)	EH (%)	SMS (%)
OC	100	0	0
EH	0	100	0
SMS	0	0	100
C1	25	0	75
C2	0	25	75
C3	50	0	50
C4	0	50	50
C5	25	25	50
CT	0	0	0