CLOVE-SEED SIZE AND HEALTH AND PLANT SPACING ON THE VIABILITY OF GARLIC CROPS<sup/>

LIMA, MAYKY FRANCLEY PEREIRA DE; LOPES, WELDER DE ARAÚJO RANGEL; NEGREIROS, MARIA ZULEIDE DE; RESENDE, FRANCISCO VILELA; BESSA, ANTÔNIA TAMIRES MONTEIRO; GRANGEIRO, LEILSON COSTA

doi:10.1590/1983-21252021v34n307rc

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Article • Rev. Caatinga 34 (3) • Jul-Sep 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n307rc copy

CLOVE-SEED SIZE AND HEALTH AND PLANT SPACING ON THE VIABILITY OF GARLIC CROPS¹ 1 Received for publication in 08/05/2020; accepted in 02/17/2021. Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author.

VIABILIDADE DO CULTIVO DE ALHO EM FUNÇÃO DA SANIDADE, TAMANHO DO BULBILHO E ESPAÇAMENTO

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Garlic is a vegetable that has a high economic importance for Brazil. However, despite increases in garlic bulb production in the last years, Brazil is still dependent on imported garlic to meet the national demand. Thus, proper management practices and the use of virus-free clove-seeds are promising alternatives to ensure a high productivity and profitability. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate production characteristics and profitability of conventional and virus-free garlic crops as a function of different clove-seed sizes and plant spacings. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously, using virus-free and conventional garlic plants in Portalegre, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, in a randomized block experimental design, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in split-plot, with the clove-seed size (large and small) in the plots, and the spacing between plants (7.5, 10.0, 12.5, and 15.0 cm) in the subplots. The combination between the use of virus-free clove-seeds, large clove-seed size, and spacing of 12.5 cm between plants resulted in the highest commercial bulb yield and net income, R$ (BRL) 85,151.00 ha^-1. The use of large clove-seeds and spacing of 7.5 cm between plants are recommended for conventional garlic crops.

Keywords:
Allium sativum L; Profitability; Density of planting

Plant health	Plant height (cm)
	Clove-seed size
	Small	Large
Conventional	51.98 Bb	54.57 Ab
Virus-free	59.01 Ba	65.46 Aa

Mean bulb weight (g planta^-1)
Spacing between plants (cm)	Plant health	Clove-seed size
Spacing between plants (cm)	Plant health	Small	Large
7.5	Conventional	13.65 Bb	16.04 Ab
7.5	Virus-free	16.58 Ba	19.10 Aa
10	Conventional	15.95 Bb	18.46 Ab
10	Virus-free	22.07 Ba	26.29 Aa
12.5	Conventional	17.76 Bb	19.53 Ab
12.5	Virus-free	27.94 Ba	37.77 Aa
15	Conventional	17.13 Bb	20.94 Ab
15	Virus-free	24.59 Ba	34.84 Aa

Spacing between plants (cm)	Plant health	Total yield (Mg ha^-1)		Commercial yield (Mg ha^-1)
		Clove-seed size		Clove-seed size
		Small	Large	Small	Large
7.5	Conventional	5.88 Bb	6.98 Ab	4.60 Bb	5.99 Ab
7.5	Virus-free	7.95 Ba	9.01 Aa	6.96 Ba	8.46 Aa
10	Conventional	5.24 Bb	6.08 Ab	4.30 Bb	5.57 Ab
10	Virus-free	8.03 Ba	9.38 Aa	8.00 Ba	9.38 Aa
12.5	Conventional	4.47 Ab	5.02 Ab	3.73 Ab	4.35 Ab
12.5	Virus-free	7.87 Ba	11.0 Aa	7.85 Ba	11.0 Aa
15	Conventional	3.69 Bb	4.59 Ab	2.95 Bb	4.05 Ab
15	Virus-free	5.81 Ba	8.67 Aa	5.76 Ba	8.67 Aa

Total operational cost (TOC)
Plant health	CSS	SBP	Costs in R$ (BRL) ha^-1
Plant health	CSS	SBP	Inputs^* Means followed by same uppercase letter in the rows, and lowercase in the columns, are not different by the t Student test (p≤0.05).	Fertilizers	Labor	Seeds	TOC
Virus-free	Small	7.5	9726.20	5676.50	7824.00	18000.00	41226.70
		10	9726.20	5676.50	7352.70	13500.00	36255.40
		12.5	9726.20	5676.50	6881.50	10800.00	33084.20
		15	9726.20	5676.50	6567.40	9000.00	30970.10
	Large	7.5	9726.20	5676.50	7824.00	20000.00	43226.70
		10	9726.20	5676.50	7352.70	15000.00	37755.40
		12.5	9726.20	5676.50	6881.50	12000.00	34284.20
		15	9726.20	5676.50	6567.40	10000.00	31970.10
Conventional	Small	7.5	9726.20	5676.50	7824.00	9000.00	32226.70
		10	9726.20	5676.50	7352.70	6750.00	29505.40
		12.5	9726.20	5676.50	6881.50	5400.00	27684.20
		15	9726.20	5676.50	6567.40	4500.00	26470.10
	Large	7.5	9726.20	5676.50	7824.00	10000.00	33226.70
		10	9726.20	5676.50	7352.70	7500.00	30255.40
		12.5	9726.20	5676.50	6881.50	6000.00	28284.20
		15	9726.20	5676.50	6567.40	5000.00	26970.10

SBP (cm)	Plant health	Gross income R$ (BRL) ha^-1		Net income R$ (BRL) ha^-1
		Clove-seed size		Clove-seed size
		Small	Large	Small	Large
7.5	Conventional	44,184.81 Bb	59,042.26 Ab	44,184.81 Bb	59,042.26 Ab
7.5	Virus-free	67,576.55 Ba	84,135.69 Aa	67,576.55 Ba	84,135.69 Aa
10	Conventional	41,985.00 Bb	55,660.08 Ab	41,985.00 Bb	55,660.08 Ab
10	Virus-free	80,694.73 Ba	98,982.25 Aa	80,694.73 Ba	98,982.25 Aa
12.5	Conventional	41,618.50 Bb	48,295.37 Ab	41,618.50 Bb	48,295.37 Ab
12.5	Virus-free	84,358.70 Ba	121,035.34 Aa	84,358.70 Ba	121,035.34 Aa
15	Conventional	33,934.38 Bb	44,848.35 Ab	33,934.38 Bb	44,848.35 Ab
15	Virus-free	59,730.72 Ba	95,089.79 Aa	59,730.72 Ba	95,089.79 Aa

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[1] *Corresponding author

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CLOVE-SEED SIZE AND HEALTH AND PLANT SPACING ON THE VIABILITY OF GARLIC CROPS1 1 Received for publication in 08/05/2020; accepted in 02/17/2021. Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author.

VIABILIDADE DO CULTIVO DE ALHO EM FUNÇÃO DA SANIDADE, TAMANHO DO BULBILHO E ESPAÇAMENTO

ABSTRACT

CLOVE-SEED SIZE AND HEALTH AND PLANT SPACING ON THE VIABILITY OF GARLIC CROPS¹ 1 Received for publication in 08/05/2020; accepted in 02/17/2021. Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author.