SOYBEAN YIELD UNDER NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM WITH AN EARLY <i>Eleusine coracana</i> FERTILIZATION

SEGATELLI, CLÁUDIO ROBERTO; CÂMARA, GIL MIGUEL DE SOUSA; AGUILA, LÍLIA SICHMANN HEIFFIG-DEL; AGUILA, JUAN SAAVEDRA DEL; FRANCISCO, EROS ARTUR BOHAC; PIEDADE, SÔNIA MARIA DE STEFANO

doi:10.1590/1983-21252022v35n207rc

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Research Paper • Rev. Caatinga 35 (02) • Apr-Jun 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252022v35n207rc copy

SOYBEAN YIELD UNDER NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM WITH AN EARLY Eleusine coracana FERTILIZATION

PRODUTIVIDADE DA SOJA EM SEMEADURA DIRETA COM ANTECIPAÇÃO DA ADUBAÇÃO NA CULTURA DE Eleusine coracana

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The possibility of early soybean fertilization carried out on the predecessor crop has several benefits, mainly operational ones, making the production system more conservationist and balanced. An experiment was carried out at the Anhumas Experimental Station, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), located in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, during 2001/2002, 2002/2003, and 2003/2004 agricultural years on a typic Hapludox aiming to evaluate the effects of the early fertilization on soybean yield. The fertilization consisted of applying 90 kg ha⁻¹ of P₂O₅, 50 kg ha⁻¹ of K₂O, and micronutrients (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications and 12 treatments consisting of different levels of early soybean fertilization carried out on the finger millet crop: T1, no fertilization; T2, conventional soybean fertilization; T3, early 50% K fertilization; T4, early 100% K fertilization; T5, early 50% P fertilization; T6, early 50% P and K fertilization; T7, early 50% P and 100% K fertilization; T8, early 100% P fertilization; T9, early 100% P and 50% K fertilization; T10, early 100% P and K fertilization; T11, early 100% P and K fertilization + micronutrients; and T12, early leaf fertilization with micronutrients. The results showed that the early soybean sowing fertilization with phosphorus and potassium carried out during finger millet sowing does not interfere with the thousand-seed weight and soybean yield.

Keywords
Glycine max (L.) Merrill; Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn; Phosphorus; Potassium; Fertilizer management

Practice	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3
Finger millet sowing	9/6/2001	9/23/2002	8/14/2003
Finger millet desiccation	11/21/2001	11/30/2002	10/20/2003
Soybean sowing	12/6/2001	12/12/2002	12/11/2003
Soybean Harvest	4/12/2002	4/14/2003	4/17/2004

Depth	pH	OM	P	S	K	Ca	Mg	Al	H+Al	SB	T	V	m
(cm)	(CaCl₂)	(g dm⁻³)	(mg dm⁻³)		(mmol_c dm⁻³)							(%)
0–20	5.4	31	6	19	1.9	22	15	1	22	38.9	60.9	64	3
20–40	3.9	21	4	32	1.2	9	6	12	47	16.2	63.2	26	43
40–60	4.5	16	3	35	0.9	6	3	16	42	9.9	51.9	19	62

Depth (cm)	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
	mg dm⁻³
0–20	-	0.8	88	4.4	0.9
20–40	-	2.2	47	0.4	2.8
40–60	-	1.1	35	0.6	1.1

Cultivar	BRS-133
Origin	Embrapa
Lineage	Ft-Abyara x BR 83-147
Cycle (days)	120 to 130 days
Cycle (classification)	Semi-early
Growth habit	Determinate
Plant height (cm)	82
Flower color	White
Pubescence color	Brown
Integument color	Yellow
Lodging	Resistant
Recommended sowing time	10/15 to 12/15
Reaction to pests and diseases
Stem canker	Resistant
Bacterial pustule	Resistant
Powdery mildew	Moderately susceptible
Mosaic virus	Resistant
Frogeye leaf spot	Resistant
Bacterial blight	Moderately resistant

Treatment	Finger millet	Soybean	Total
T1	00 P + 00 K	00 P + 00 K	00 P + 00 K
T2	00 P + 00 K	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T3	00P + 25 K	90 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T4	00 P + 50 K	90 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T5	45 P + 00K	45 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T6	45 P + 25 K	45 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T7	45 P + 50 K	45 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T8	90 P + 00 K	00 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T9	90 P + 25 K	00 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T10	90 P + 50 K	00 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T11	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	00 P + 00 K	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T12	00 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.

Treatment	Eleusine coracana	Soybean	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Three-year mean
1	00 P + 00 K	00 P + 00 K	145.9 A⁴ 4 Means followed by different uppercase letters in the row differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%.	151.1 b³ 3 Means followed by different lowercase letters in the column differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%; A	148.3 b³ 3 Means followed by different lowercase letters in the column differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%; A	148.5
2	00 P + 00 K	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	140.4 B	176.2 a A	170.8 a A	162.5
3	00P + 25 K	90 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	146.2 B	181.5 a A	170.7 a A	166.2
4	00 P + 50 K	90 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	146.3 C	186.2 a A	173.7 a B	168.7
5	45 P + 00K	45 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	143.4 B	179.7 a A	168.8 a A	163.9
6	45 P + 25 K	45 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	144.6 B	182.5 a A	173.1 a A	166.7
7	45 P + 50 K	45 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	141.3 B	182.9 a A	171.1 a A	165.1
8	90 P + 00 K	00 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	146.1 B	182.2 a A	170.4 a A	166.3
9	90 P + 25 K	00 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	142.7 B	182.1 a A	171.7 a A	165.5
10	90 P + 50 K	00 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	145.9 B	179.9 a A	174.7 a A	166.8
11	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	00 P + 00 K	147.6 B	178.2 a A	170.0 a A	165.2
12	00 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	90 P + 50 K	142.9 B	178.6 a A	171.4 a A	164.3
Mean			144.4	178.4	169.6	164.1
F-test			n.s.² 2 Not significant by analysis of variance;	*	*
CV (%)			3.25	2.01	1.67	2.30

Treatment	Eleusine coracana	Soybean	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Three-year mean
1	00 P + 00 K	00 P + 00 K	3.354 A⁴ 4 Means followed by different uppercase letters in the row differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%.	2.808 b³ 3 Means followed by different lowercase letters in the column differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%; A⁴ 4 Means followed by different uppercase letters in the row differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%.	3.168 b³ 3 Means followed by different lowercase letters in the column differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%; A⁴ 4 Means followed by different uppercase letters in the row differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%.	3.110
2	00 P + 00 K	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.304 B	3.713 a AB	4.051 a A	3.689
3	00P + 25 K	90 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.696 A	3.933 a A	4.030 a A	3.886
4	00 P + 50 K	90 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.479 A	3.819 a A	3.930 a A	3.743
5	45 P + 00K	45 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.629 A	3.859 a A	4.050 a A	3.846
6	45 P + 25 K	45 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.578 A	3.687 a A	4.020 a A	3.762
7	45 P + 50 K	45 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.527 A	3.889 a A	4.016 a A	3.811
8	90 P + 00 K	00 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.599 A	3.802 a A	3.927 a A	3.776
9	90 P + 25 K	00 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.493 A	3.845 a A	4.013 a A	3.783
10	90 P + 50 K	00 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.403 B	3.783 a AB	4.022 a A	3.736
11	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	00 P + 00 K	3.500 A	3.871 a A	3.987 a A	3.786
12	00 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	90 P + 50 K	3.632 A	3.589 a A	3.869 a A	3.696
Mean			3.516	3.717	3.924	3.719
F-test			n.s.² 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	*	*
CV (%)			4.73	6.44	2.30	4.74

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