DYNAMICS OF SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES IN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN THE CERRADO-AMAZONÔNIA ECOTONE<sup>1</sup>

SOUSA, HEIRIANE MARTINS; CORREA, AMANDA RIBEIRO; SILVA, BÁRBARA DE MOTTA; OLIVEIRA, SUZANA DA SILVA; CAMPOS, DANIELA TIAGO DA SILVA; WRUCK, FLÁVIO JESUS

doi:10.1590/1983-21252020v33n102rc

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Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 33 (1) • Jan-Mar 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n102rc copy

DYNAMICS OF SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES IN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN THE CERRADO-AMAZONÔNIA ECOTONE¹

DINÂMICA DOS ATRIBUTOS MICROBIOLÓGICOS DO SOLO EM SISTEMAS DE INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA-PECUÁRIA NO ECÓTONO CERRADO-AMAZÔNIA

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The combination of grain and livestock production in integrated Crop-Livestock systems (iCLs) provide the opportunity to increase yields, improve soil attributes and ensure the sustainability of the agricultural system. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of seven land use systems on their microbiota. Five iCL systems were implemented in 2005 in Santa Carmem, MT, Brazil, with different rotating crops: iCL A (soybean/maize, preceded by two years with pasture), iCL B (rice/maize, preceded by two years with soybean/intercropped pasture), iCL C (soybean/maize, preceded by three years with pasture), iCL D (pasture/maize, preceded by five soybean/maize or millet intercropped with pasture) and iCL E (pasture/maize, preceded by three years with pasture). These were compared with two reference systems: a conventional soybean/maize succession system (CC) and native forest (NF). Soils were collected (0.00-0.20 m) and the population dynamics of fungi, bacteria, actinobacteria and cellulolytic microorganisms were evaluated over the course of two years (2012 and 2013). Likewise, carbon stocks of microbial biomass (CBM); metabolic quotient (qCO₂); basal respiration (RB); acid (AP) and alkaline (ALP) phosphatases; β-glycosidase (BG) and urease of soil were assessed. The iCLs systems improved the performance of soil microbiota compared to the conventional system. The rotation of legume and grasses preceded by pasture in iCL A and C, increased the total fungi, bacteria, actinobacteria, enzymatic activity and CBM stocks. This fact contributed to an increased efficiency in environmental performance and added greater sustainability to the system.

Keywords:
Integrated system; Soil quality; Soil microbiology; Crop rotation

Systems	Season	2005 /	2006 /	2007 /	2008 /	2009 /	2010 /	2011 /	2012 /
Systems	Season	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
CC	summer	soybean	soybean	soybean	soybean	soybean	soybean	soybean	soybean
CC	winter	maize	maize	maize	maize	maize	maize	maize
iCL A	summer	soybean	soybean	rice	soybean	pasture 2	pasture 2	soybean	soybean
	winter	sorghum +	millet +	sorghum +	maize +	pasture 2	pasture 2	maize
	winter	pasture 1	pasture 1	pasture 1	pasture 2	pasture 2	pasture 2	maize
iCL B	summer	soybean	pasture 2	pasture 2	rice	soybean	soybean	rice	soybean
	winter	pasture 2	pasture 2	pasture 2	bean	maize+	crotalaria+	maize
	winter	pasture 2	pasture 2	pasture 2	bean	pasture 1	pasture 1	maize
iCL C	summer	rice	pasture 2	pasture 2	pasture 2	rice	soybean	soybean	soybean
	winter	pasture 2	pasture 2	pasture 2	pasture 2	pasture 2	maize +	maize
	winter	pasture 2	pasture 2	pasture 2	pasture 2	pasture 2	pasture 1	maize
iCL D	summer	soybean	soybean	soybean	soybean	soybean	rice	pasture 3	soybean
	winter	maize +	sorgo+	millet +	millet +	millet +	pasture 3	maize
	winter	pasture 1	pasture 1	pasture 1	pasture 1	pasture 1	+ legume	maize
iCL E	summer	soybean	rice	soybean	soybean	pasture 3	pasture 3	pasture 3	soybean
	winter	millet +	maize +	maize +	pasture 3	pasture 3	pasture 3	maize
	winter	pasture 1	pasture 3	pasture 3	pasture 3	pasture 3	pasture 3	maize
NF	summer	forest	forest	forest	forest	forest	forest	forest	forest
NF	winter	forest	forest	forest	forest	forest	forest	forest	forest

Physical and chemical attributes	CC	iCL A	iCL B	iCL C	iCL D	iCL E	NF
Macroporosity, 0,10-0,20 m (m³ m³)^* * Source: Vender, (2012).	-	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.12
Microporosity, 0,10-0,20 m (m³ m³)^* * Source: Vender, (2012).	-	0.34	0.34	0.34	0.35	0.35	0.32
Bulk density, 0,10-0,20 m (g cm³)^* * Source: Vender, (2012).	-	1.13	1.17	1.15	1.15	1.16	1.14
Clay (g kg^-1)	501	492	555	568	580	589	451
Silt (g kg^-1)	100	88	25	50	50	63	100
Sand (g kg^-1)	399	420	420	382	370	348	449
Organic matter (g kg^-1)	18.0	21.9	16.3	16.8	16.5	18.7	24.8
pH (CaCl₂)	4.9	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.8	4.6	3.8
P (mg dm³) by Mehlich1	1.93	4.59	1.57	2.21	2.29	2.07	0.06
K (mg dm³) by Mehlich1	60.0	61.0	65.0	73.0	153.0	32.0	23.0
CEC (cmol_c dm³)	7.87	8.31	6.8	6.94	6.99	6.73	8.51
Base saturation (%)	39.0	37.4	27.9	36.6	39.9	34.6	4.8
Aluminum saturation (%)	4.7	6.0	11.6	7.3	3.5	6.0	75.3

	Temp	PRE	Humi	BG	Urease	ALP	MC	RB	CBM	Bac	AP	Actino	qCO₂	Fung
PC 1	-0.96	0.96	0.96	-0.95	0.90	-0.94	0.75	-0.32	-0.62	0.43	-0.77	0.31	0.51	0.60
PC 2	-0.07	0.07	0.07	0.20	0.05	0.16	0.57	0.79	0.56	0.78	0.53	0.13	0.11	0.40

	Bac	Fung	Actino	MC	BG	AP	ALP	Urease	CBM	RB	qCO₂	PRE	Humi	Temp
Bac	1
Fung	0.55***	1
Actino	0.11	0.48**	1
MC	0.78***	0.67***	0.32	1
BG	-0.29	-0.38	-0.18	-0.60***	1
AP	0.10	-0.28	-0.26	-0.32	0.85***	1
ALP	-0.27	-0.38	-0.33	-0.59	0.96***	0.84**	1
Urease	0.41**	0.49**	0.11	0.59***	-0.81***	-0.57***	-0.81***	1
CBM	0.17	-0.30	-0.24	-0.15	0.59***	0.69***	0.56***	-0.58***	1
RB	0.27	-0.01	0.05	0.17	0.46**	0.65***	0.37	-0.16	0.63***	1
qCO2	0.16	0.37	0.40**	0.46	-0.33	-0.30	-0.37	0.46**	-0.52***	0.08	1
PRE	0.47**	0.46**	0.15	0.73***	-0.94***	-0.68***	-0.91***	0.89***	-0.46**	-0.20	0.34	1
Mois	0.47**	0.46**	0.15	0.73***	-0.94***	-0.68***	-0.91***	0.89***	-0.46**	-0.20	0.34	1.00***	1
Temp	-0.47**	-0.46**	-0.15	-0.73***	0.94***	0.68***	0.91***	-0.89***	0.46**	0.20	-0.34	-1.00***	-1.00***	1

Biological properties	Land use systems
Biological properties	CC	iCL A	iCL B	iCL C	iCL D	iCL E	NF
	-------------------------------------------------2012-------------------------------------------------
CBM	289.13 b	47.24 c	204.09 bc	86.93 bc	776.69 a	130.39 bc	179.53 bc
RB	204.09 ab	255.97 a	193.04 ab	215.15 ab	214.30 ab	162.42 b	241.51 ab
qCO₂	0.71 c	5.82 a	0.94 c	2.62 b	0.28 c	1.34 c	1.44 c
BG	114.05	116.39	123.94	123.16	108.33	110.67	127.06
AP	131.59 ab	117.79 b	100.02 b	107.98 b	127.91 b	80.09 b	184.00 a
ALP	60.78	46.68	171.74	168.06	97.26	77.03	62.31
Urease	435.23 a	440.47 a	409.02 a	361.85 b	261.22 c	346.13 b	419.50 a
	-------------------------------------------------2013-------------------------------------------------
CBM	311.99 c	761.80 a	266.63 bc	607.68 a	476.28 b	221.33 c	778.76 a
RB	101.06 c	405.25 a	63.26 c	351.63 a	134.19 c	246.53 b	417.71 a
qCO₂	0.44	0.53	0.28	0.58	0.28	1.89	0.54
BG	225.05 cd	281.20 b	239.91 c	275.10 b	216.06 d	236.39 cd	318.46 a
AP	284.03 c	322.42 c	221.49 d	399.56 b	140.34 e	156.88 e	500.97 a
ALP	647.97 c	632.05 c	702.99 bc	837.25 b	675.64 c	614.34 c	1195.35 a
Urease	213.38	203.78	202.76	203.31	200.81	203.42	220.57

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E-mail: caatinga@ufersa.edu.br

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Brasil

Brasil

DYNAMICS OF SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES IN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN THE CERRADO-AMAZONÔNIA ECOTONE1

DINÂMICA DOS ATRIBUTOS MICROBIOLÓGICOS DO SOLO EM SISTEMAS DE INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA-PECUÁRIA NO ECÓTONO CERRADO-AMAZÔNIA

ABSTRACT

DYNAMICS OF SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES IN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN THE CERRADO-AMAZONÔNIA ECOTONE¹