CRIOPRESERVAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DA ESPÉCIE NATIVA DO BRASIL AROEIRA-DO-SERTÃO (<i>Astronium urundeuva</i> M. Allemão Engl.)

PAULA, JEAN CARLO BAUDRAZ DE; GUARIZ, HUGO ROLDI; RIBEIRO JÚNIOR, WALTER APARECIDO; SHIMIZU, GABRIEL DANILO; FARIA, RICARDO TADEU DE; OLIVEIRA, HALLEY CAIXETA DE

doi:10.1590/1983-21252022v35n419rc

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Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 35 (4) • Oct-Dec 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252022v35n419rc linkcopiar

CRIOPRESERVAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DA ESPÉCIE NATIVA DO BRASIL AROEIRA-DO-SERTÃO (Astronium urundeuva M. Allemão Engl.)

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A aroeira-do-sertão é uma espécie nativa do Brasil que está sendo explorada de forma predatória. Como a população desta espécie vem sendo reduzida, técnicas de preservação são fundamentais, como a conservação em nitrogênio líquido (NL). Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes soluções crioprotetoras na criopreservação em NL (-196 °C) de sementes de aroeira-do-sertão. Os tratamentos foram: controle (7,5±1,5 ° C); NL sem crioprotetor; sacarose 0,4 mol L^-1; sacarose 0,8 mol L^-1; glicerol 1 mol L^-1; glicerol 2 mol L^-1; PVS₁ (solução de vitrificação de plantas); PVS₂; PVS₂ + 1% floroglucinol e PVS₃. As sementes permaneceram congeladas por 120 dias. Antes da criopreservação, as sementes foram caracterizadas quanto à germinação e teor de água. Ao sétimo dia avaliaram-se diversos parâmetros de germinação e após 150 dias de cultivo, variáveis de crescimento das plantas. As sementes apresentaram 9,2% de teor de água e 74% de germinação antes da criopreservação. No controle, a germinação foi de 55%, enquanto na criopreservação, variou de 61 a 69%, mostrando efeito positivo da criopreservação, mesmo sem o uso de crioprotetores (69%). Observou-se modelo trifásico de absorção de água nas sementes, onde o NL promoveu antecipação da germinação, que se iniciou com 56 horas, enquanto o controle iniciou a germinação após 66 horas. As plantas após 150 dias de cultivo apresentaram desenvolvimento satisfatório de suas partes conforme verificado pelo índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). O uso de crioprotetores não influencia a germinação e crescimento inicial das plantas. As sementes de aroeira-do-sertão com 9,2% de teor de água podem ser criopreservadas em NL sem crioprotetores.

Palavras-chave Conservação de sementes; Nitrogênio líquido; Espécie arbórea.

Treatment	FGC (%)	GP (%)	AS (%)	GSI	MTG (days)	SL (cm)	SDW (g)
Control^{^* * Control = without cryopreservation, maintained at 10±2 °C.}	3.0 a^{^ Means followed by the same letter in the columns are not different from each other by the Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05).}	55.0 b	4.0 a	2.99 b	4.77 a	2.92 ab	0.104 b
Without cryoprotectant	8.0 a	69.0 a	4.0 a	4.25 a	4.15 a	3.88 a	0.129 a
Sucrose at 0.4 mol L^-1	3.0 a	64.0 ab	4.0 a	2.97 b	4.74 a	2.77 b	0.116 ab
Sucrose at 0.8 mol L^-1	5.0 a	64.0 ab	3.0 a	3.18 b	4.76 a	2.83 ab	0.114 ab
Glycerol at 1 mol L^-1	4.0 a	61.0 ab	3.0 a	3.21 ab	4.50 a	2.90 ab	0.117 ab
Glycerol at 2 mol L^-1	4.0 a	61.0 ab	3.0 a	3.01 b	4.89 a	2.95 ab	0.118 ab
PVS₁^* ***** PVS1 = 19% glycerol (v v-1), 13% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sorbitol 0.5 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS2 = 30% glycerol (v v-1), 15% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sucrose 0.4 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS3 = 50% glycerol (v v-1) and 50% sucrose (v v-1) diluted in distilled water.	7.0 a	66.0 ab	3.0 a	3.40 ab	4.36 a	2.95 ab	0.115 ab
PVS₂^* ***** PVS1 = 19% glycerol (v v-1), 13% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sorbitol 0.5 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS2 = 30% glycerol (v v-1), 15% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sucrose 0.4 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS3 = 50% glycerol (v v-1) and 50% sucrose (v v-1) diluted in distilled water.	7.0 a	65.0 ab	4.0 a	3.29 ab	4.48 a	3.12 ab	0.117 ab
PVS₂ + 1% F^{^* * PVS1 = 19% glycerol (v v-1), 13% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sorbitol 0.5 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS2 = 30% glycerol (v v-1), 15% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sucrose 0.4 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS3 = 50% glycerol (v v-1) and 50% sucrose (v v-1) diluted in distilled water.}	7.0 a	65.0 ab	3.0 a	3.23 b	4.35 a	2.97 ab	0.116 ab
PVS₃^* ***** PVS1 = 19% glycerol (v v-1), 13% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sorbitol 0.5 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS2 = 30% glycerol (v v-1), 15% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sucrose 0.4 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS3 = 50% glycerol (v v-1) and 50% sucrose (v v-1) diluted in distilled water.	6.0 a	62.0 ab	3.0 a	3.47 ab	4.46 a	3.15 ab	0.120 ab
Coefficient of variation (%)	68.39	7.26	61.79	13.13	7.93	13.64	5.56

Treatment	RL (cm)	SL (cm)	RDW (g)	SDW (g)	SDW/RDW	DQI
Control^{^* * Control = without cryopreservation, maintained at 10±2 °C.}	11.2 a	11.8 a ^ Means followed by the same letter in the columns are not different from each other by the Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05).	0.018 a	0.071 a	3.95 a	3.96 a
Without cryoprotectant	11.4 a	12.2 a	0.019 a	0.073 a	4.07 a	4.08 a
Sucrose at 0.4 mol L^-1	10.7 a	11.3 a	0.017 a	0.074 a	4.20 a	4.21 a
Sucrose at 0.8 mol L^-1	11.2 a	10.9 a	0.017 a	0.073 a	4.08 a	4.09 a
Glycerol at 1 mol L^-1	11.2 a	10.7 a	0.015 a	0.075 a	4.24 a	4.20 a
Glycerol at 2 mol L^-1	10.5 a	10.8 a	0.017 a	0.073 a	3.83 a	3.84 a
PVS1^* ***** PVS1 = 19% glycerol (v v-1), 13% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sorbitol 0.5 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS2 = 30% glycerol (v v-1), 15% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sucrose 0.4 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS3 = 50% glycerol (v v-1) and 50% sucrose (v v-1) diluted in distilled water.	10.7 a	10.8 a	0.016 a	0.069 a	4.10 a	4.11 a
PVS2^* ***** PVS1 = 19% glycerol (v v-1), 13% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sorbitol 0.5 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS2 = 30% glycerol (v v-1), 15% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sucrose 0.4 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS3 = 50% glycerol (v v-1) and 50% sucrose (v v-1) diluted in distilled water.	10.6 a	11.0 a	0.017 a	0.073 a	3.98 a	3.99 a
PVS₂ + 1% F^{^* * PVS1 = 19% glycerol (v v-1), 13% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sorbitol 0.5 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS2 = 30% glycerol (v v-1), 15% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sucrose 0.4 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS3 = 50% glycerol (v v-1) and 50% sucrose (v v-1) diluted in distilled water.}	10.9 a	11.2 a	0.018 a	0.075 a	4.24 a	4.21 a
PVS3^* ***** PVS1 = 19% glycerol (v v-1), 13% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sorbitol 0.5 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS2 = 30% glycerol (v v-1), 15% ethylene glycol (v v-1), 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v-1), and sucrose 0.4 mol L-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS3 = 50% glycerol (v v-1) and 50% sucrose (v v-1) diluted in distilled water.	11.2 a	11.1 a	0.017 a	0.069 a	4.31 a	4.32 a
Coefficient of variation (%)	9.43	11.87	11.21	10.35	12.06	13.15

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[TFN1] ^*
Control = without cryopreservation, maintained at 10±2 °C.

[TFN2] ^**
Means followed by the same letter in the columns are not different from each other by the Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05).

[TFN3] ^***
PVS₁ = 19% glycerol (v v^-1), 13% ethylene glycol (v v^-1), 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v^-1), and sorbitol 0.5 mol L^-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS₂ = 30% glycerol (v v^-1), 15% ethylene glycol (v v^-1), 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (v v^-1), and sucrose 0.4 mol L^-1, diluted in a MS medium; PVS₃ = 50% glycerol (v v^-1) and 50% sucrose (v v^-1) diluted in distilled water.

T1	Without cryoprotectant solution or immersion in liquid nitrogen
T2	Without cryoprotectant
T3	Sucrose 0.4 mol L^-1
T4	Sucrose 0.8 mol L^-1
T5	Glycerol 1.0 mol L^-1
T6	Glycerol 2.0 mol L^-1
T7	Plant vitrification solution (PVS1)
T8	Plant vitrification solution (PVS2)
T9	Plant vitrification solution (PVS2) + 1% phloroglucinol
T10	Plant vitrification solution (PVS3)