GRAIN YIELD OF COFFEE PLANTS FERTILIZED WITH DIFFERENT DOSES OF 20-00-20 NPK FORMULATION UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

TORRES, JOSEMAR DÁVILA; ESPINDULA, MARCELO CURITIBA; ARAÚJO, LARISSA FATARELLI BENTO DE; MARCOLAN, ALAERTO LUIZ; ROCHA, RODRIGO BARROS

doi:10.1590/1983-21252021v34n225rc

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Technical Note • Rev. Caatinga 34 (2) • Apr-Jun 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n225rc copy

GRAIN YIELD OF COFFEE PLANTS FERTILIZED WITH DIFFERENT DOSES OF 20-00-20 NPK FORMULATION UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

PRODUTIVIDADE DE CAFEEIROS FERTILIZADOS COM DOSES DO FORMULADO 20-00-20 EM CONDIÇÕES DE SEQUEIRO

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Little is known about the management of high-yield clonal Coffea canephora in the Amazonian Region, mainly for nutritional aspects and cultivation system efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different nitrogen and potassium fertilization rates on coffee grain yield and fertilizer use efficiency of C. canephora trees. An experiment was performed at an experimental field of the Embrapa Rondônia in Porto Velho (RO), Brazil. It was carried out in a split-plot scheme with six doses of 20-00-20 NPK formulation (0; 250; 500; 1,000; 2,000; and 3,000 kg ha^-1) and three years of evaluation (2014, 2015, and 2016). An interaction between fertilizer dose and crop year was observed. Fertilizer doses showed an exponential behavior, with maximum yields of 51, 114, and 79 bags ha^-1 at 3,000 kg ha^-1 in the crop years of 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Such a behavior impacted average and accumulated yields in the three harvest seasons. As for crop year effect within each fertilizer dose, the highest yield was reached in the second harvest after pruning for renewal of orthotropic stems. Moreover, fertilizer use efficiency by plants decreased exponentially, with the highest value at the lowest dose. Increasing doses of 20-00-20 formulation promoted an exponential increase in grain yield but decreased its use efficiency by C. canephora plants. This management also stimulated a strong biannual production.

Keywords:
Coffea canephora; Nitrogen; Potassium; Fertilizer use efficiency

Depth layer (cm)	pH	P	K	Ca	Mg	Al+H	Al	CEC	OM	m	V
	H₂O	mg dm^-3		------------------cmol_c dm³----------					g kg^-1	------ %---
0-10	5.6	9,73	0,77	2,6	1,98	11,75	1,01	17,19	58,8	16	29
10-20	5.4	3.11	0.38	1.64	1.31	11.89	1.32	15.22	53.2	29	20
20-40	5.4	4.97	0.35	1.38	1.10	11.57	0.96	14.40	45.6	26	20
Density		Porosity						Water content (m³ m-³)
Soil (apparent)		Particle (real)	Micro	Macro	Total	6	10	30²	100		1,500³
-----------g cm³ -----------		------------m³ m^-3--------------						-------------Tensions (kPa)-----------
1.03		2.33	0.42	0.08	0.50	0.42	0.41	0.37	0.34		0.27

Year	Dose of 20-00-20 formulation (kg ha^-1 ^year-1)
	00	250	500	1,000	2,000	3,000
2014	37.11 a^* *Means followed by the same letter in the column does not differ from each other by the Tukey’s test at 5% significance.	40.78 b	43.58 b	46.57 b	48.71 b	51.68 c
2015	40.98 a	68.76 a	72.86 a	81.65 a	99.84 a	114.92 a
2016	17.37 b	28.86 b	50.15 b	51.25 b	60.38 b	79.39 b
Average	31.86	46.13	58.86	59.82	69.64	81.99
CV (%)	16.3

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