IDENTIFICATION OF <i>Ricinus communis</i> HYBRIDS FOR LOW PLANT HEIGHT<sup>1</sup>

MENEZES, FREDSON DOS SANTOS; SILVA, SIMONE ALVES; CAPINAN, GEAN CARLO SOARES; BRASILEIRO, HELISON SANTOS; SANTOS, LAURENICE ARAÚJO DOS

doi:10.1590/1983-21252021v34n411rc

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Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 34 (4) • Oct-Dec 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n411rc copy

IDENTIFICATION OF Ricinus communis HYBRIDS FOR LOW PLANT HEIGHT¹

IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE HÍBRIDOS DE RICINUS COMMUNIS L. PARA PORTE BAIXO

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a plant native to Africa that presents important socioeconomic value for many countries, and has been the subject of breeding programs. In this context, the objective of this work was to identify genotypes with potential for improvement, focused on lowering plant height, using 19 hybrids and eight parents of R. communis. The study was developed at the experimental area of the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia in Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in 2017 using a randomized block design with three replications, consisting of eight parents and 19 hybrids resulting from hybridization of these parents, grown with spacing of 3 meters between rows and 1 meter between plants. The characters stem diameter (SD), primary raceme insertion height (PRI), number of stem internodes (NSI), mean stem internode length (SIL), plant height (PH), number of harvested racemes (NHR), primary raceme length (PRL), and effective raceme length (ERL) were evaluated by analyzing the genetic parameters of variances and correlation between them. Five (H17, H2, H11, H13, and H6) of the 19 hybrids evaluated have potential to decrease PH of castor bean plants, presenting heights below 1.07 m. Direct selection for plant height is the most indicated for this purpose due to the high heritability of the character. However, the characters SD, PRI, and SIL stood out by assisting in indirect selection to decrease plant height because they can be early measured and present high heritability and strong correlation with PH.

Keywords:
Breeding; Low height; Castor bean

Lines
P1	UFRB 79
P2	UFRB 36
P3	UFRB 122
P4	UFRB 160
P5	UFRB 176
P6	UFRB 193
P7	UFRB 248
P8	UFRB 255

Hybrids
H1	$176 \times 248$
H2	$36 \times 248$
H3	$255 \times 176$
H4	$160 \times 176$
H5	$193 \times 176$
H6	$255 \times 122$
H7	$193 \times 36$
H8	$36 \times 122$
H9	$79 \times 36$
H10	$79 \times 122$
H11	$176 \times 79$
H12	$176 \times 193$
H13	$122 \times 79$
H14	$36 \times 193$
H15	$79 \times 193$
H16	$36 \times 176$
H17	$160 \times 36$
H18	$79 \times 176$
H19	$176 \times 36$

Mean squares
Sources of variation	DF	SD (cm)	PRI (cm)	NSI	SIL (cm)	PH (cm)	NHR	PRL (cm)	ERL (cm)
Blocks	2	0.312	137.442	14.207	1.970	5790.242	20.882	27.504	31.657
Genotypes	26	0.183^ = significant at 1% probability level by the F test. DF = degrees of freedom, SD = stem diameter, PRI = primary raceme insertion height, NSI = number of stem internodes, SIL = mean stem internode length, PH = plant height, NHR = number of harvested racemes, PRL = primary raceme length, ERL = effective raceme length.	185.556^ = significant at 1% probability level by the F test. DF = degrees of freedom, SD = stem diameter, PRI = primary raceme insertion height, NSI = number of stem internodes, SIL = mean stem internode length, PH = plant height, NHR = number of harvested racemes, PRL = primary raceme length, ERL = effective raceme length.	4.635^ = significant at 1% probability level by the F test. DF = degrees of freedom, SD = stem diameter, PRI = primary raceme insertion height, NSI = number of stem internodes, SIL = mean stem internode length, PH = plant height, NHR = number of harvested racemes, PRL = primary raceme length, ERL = effective raceme length.	0.682^ = significant at 1% probability level by the F test. DF = degrees of freedom, SD = stem diameter, PRI = primary raceme insertion height, NSI = number of stem internodes, SIL = mean stem internode length, PH = plant height, NHR = number of harvested racemes, PRL = primary raceme length, ERL = effective raceme length.	1441.594^ = significant at 1% probability level by the F test. DF = degrees of freedom, SD = stem diameter, PRI = primary raceme insertion height, NSI = number of stem internodes, SIL = mean stem internode length, PH = plant height, NHR = number of harvested racemes, PRL = primary raceme length, ERL = effective raceme length.	6.610^ = significant at 1% probability level by the F test. DF = degrees of freedom, SD = stem diameter, PRI = primary raceme insertion height, NSI = number of stem internodes, SIL = mean stem internode length, PH = plant height, NHR = number of harvested racemes, PRL = primary raceme length, ERL = effective raceme length.	124.648^ = significant at 1% probability level by the F test. DF = degrees of freedom, SD = stem diameter, PRI = primary raceme insertion height, NSI = number of stem internodes, SIL = mean stem internode length, PH = plant height, NHR = number of harvested racemes, PRL = primary raceme length, ERL = effective raceme length.	74.422^ = significant at 1% probability level by the F test. DF = degrees of freedom, SD = stem diameter, PRI = primary raceme insertion height, NSI = number of stem internodes, SIL = mean stem internode length, PH = plant height, NHR = number of harvested racemes, PRL = primary raceme length, ERL = effective raceme length.
Residue	52	0.034	26.870	0.627	0.075	215.814	1.175	9.526	8.561
Total	80
Mean		2.10	60.26	17.00	3.56	118.27	5.40	28.23	19.95
CV (%)		8.75	8.60	4.66	7.70	12.42	20.08	10.93	14.66

Stem diameter (SD)
Groups	Genotypes	Number of genotypes	Variation range (cm)
a	H8, P6, H16, H18, P1, H3, H4, H15, H9, P7, H10, H12, H14, H5, P5, and H6	16	2.53 – 2.09
b	H4, H3, H13, P2, H1, H2, H11, and P3	8	2.03 – 1.81
c	P4, and P8	2	1.76 – 1.70
d	H17	1	1.41 – 1.41
Primary raceme insertion height (PRI)
a	H17, P3, H2, P8, H13, H11, and H1	7	47.02 – 55.22
b	P4, H5, P2, H12, H6, H19, P7, H10, H14, H9, P5, H7, H15, H4, H3, P1, H18, and H16	18	57.67 – 68.51
c	P6, and H8	2	75.27 – 80.42
Number of stem internodes (NSI)
a	P6, H8, P2, H18, H10, H15, H5, P4, H4, P5, P1, H13, H17, H7, H16, H19, P3, H12, H11, H9, and H14	21	18.42 – 16.52
b	H2, H1, H6, and P8	4	15.98 – 15.27
c	H3	1	14.53 – 14.53
d	P7	1	13.09 – 13.09
Mean stem internode length (SIL)
a	H17, P3, H13, and H2	4	2.70 – 3.01
b	H11, P4, H5, P2, and P8	5	3.14 – 3.31
c	P4, and P8H10, P5, H19, H1, H12, H15, H4, H9, P1, H7, H14, H18, and H6	13	3.38 – 3.80
d	H16, and P6	2	3.98 – 4.09
e	H8, H3, and P7	3	4.42 – 4.63
Plant height (PH)
a	H17, and P3	2	69.28 – 75.67
b	H2, P2, P8, H11, P4, H13, and H6	7	89.24 – 107.20
c	P7, H14, H1, H4, H3, H5, H9, H18, P1, H10, H15, H12, H19, H16, P5, H7, P6, and H8	18	115.00 – 154.07
Number of harvested racemes (NHR)
a	H12, H19, and P5	3	8.82 – 7.78
b	H1, H4, P7, H16, H18, H7, and H8	7	6.95 – 6.28
c	H8, H15, H10, P1, H9, P6, H2, H13, H5, P8, P4, H14, H3, H11, H6, P2, H17, and P3	18	5.76 – 3.02
Primary raceme length (PRL)
a	H8, H16, H14, and H9	4	41.89 – 38.52
b	P2, H3, and H10	3	34.14 – 31.93
c	H6, P1, P6, H15, H4, H19, H7, H5, H13, P3, H18, and P7	12	29.82 – 25.13
d	H2, P4, H12, H1, H11, P8, P5, and H17	8	24.22 – 16.25
Effective raceme length (ERL)
a	H8, H14 and H16	3	31.62 – 28.24
b	H9, P2, H3 and P1	4	25.87 – 22.98
c	H10, H6, P3, P6, H2, H13, H15, P7, H19, H7, H1, H4, H18, P8, H5 and P4	16	21.67 – 16.47
d	H12, H11, H17 and P5	4	15.12 – 11.22

Characters
Parameters Genetic	SD	PRI	NSI	SIL	PH	NHR	PRL	ERL
Vp	0.061	61.852	1.545	0.227	480.531	2.203	41.549	24.807
Vg	0.050	52.895	1.336	0.202	408.593	1.811	38.374	21.953
Ve	0.011	8.957	0.209	0.025	71.938	0.392	3.175	2.854
h² (%)	81.66	85.52	86.47	88.95	85.03	82.22	92.36	88.50
CVg (%)	10.66	12.07	6.80	12.61	17.09	24.94	21.95	23.48
CVg/CVe	1.218	1.403	1.460	1.638	1.376	1.241	2.007	1.601

	SD	PRI	NSI	SIL	PH	NHR	PRL	ERL
SD	1
PRI	0.757 **	1
NSI	0.189 ^ns	0.245 *	1
SIL	0.599 **	0.786 **	-0.396 **	1
PH	0.812 **	0.748 **	0.055 ^ns	0.662 **	1
NHR	0.606 **	0.411 **	-0.076 ^ns	0.435 **	0.744 **	1
PRL	0.558 **	0.547 **	0.184 ^ns	0.396 **	0.355 **	0.005 ^ns	1
ERL	0.407 **	0.452 **	-0.025 ^ns	0.428 **	0.251 *	-0.060 ^ns	0.907 **	1

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IDENTIFICATION OF Ricinus communis HYBRIDS FOR LOW PLANT HEIGHT1

IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE HÍBRIDOS DE RICINUS COMMUNIS L. PARA PORTE BAIXO

ABSTRACT

IDENTIFICATION OF Ricinus communis HYBRIDS FOR LOW PLANT HEIGHT¹