PHOSPHORUS SORPTION ISOTHERMS IN SOILS OF THE SEMIARID REGION OF BRAZIL

VIEIRA, MONTESQUIEU DA SILVA; OLIVEIRA, FÁBIO HENRIQUE TAVARES DE; GURGEL, MARCELO TAVARES; SANTOS, HEMMANNUELLA COSTA; TAVARES, HERNANE ARLLEN MEDEIROS

doi:10.1590/1983-21252021v34n117rc

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Agricultural Engineering • Rev. Caatinga 34 (1) • Jan-Mar 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n117rc copy

PHOSPHORUS SORPTION ISOTHERMS IN SOILS OF THE SEMIARID REGION OF BRAZIL

ISOTERMAS DE SORÇÃO DE FÓSFORO EM SOLOS DO SEMIÁRIDO

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The soils of the Semiarid region of Brazil lack studies regarding sorption processes and availability of phosphorus (P). Therefore, the objective of this work was to quantify the sorption of P in ten soils representative of the Semiarid region of Brazil and correlate them with the soil phosphorus storage capacity. The P concentrations in the equilibrium solutions used to model the sorption isotherms were: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 55, 70, and 80 mg L^-1 for the soils Typic Quartzipsamment (Neossolo Quartzarenico), Typic Hapludox (Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo), Typic Hapludult (Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo), Typic Quartzipsamment (Neossolo Flúvico), and Typic Dystrudept (Cambissolo Haplico); and 0, 10, 15, 25, 40, 55, 80, 100, 130, and 150 mg L^-1 for the soils Typic Calciudolls (Chernossolo Rendzico), Typic Dystrudept (Cambissolo Haplico), Typic Dystrudept (Cambissolo Haplico), Typic Hapludult (Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo), and Typic Hapludert (Vertissolo Haplico). The Langmuir and Freundlich sorption isotherms were fitted to non-linear regression models and the values of the model parameters were estimated. The sorption isotherms were adequate to quantify the sorption of P in the soils of the Semiarid region of Brazil, with maximum P sorption capacity varying from 50.4 mg kg^-1 to 883.5 mg kg^-1. The sorption of P was higher in soils with more clayey textures, alkaline, and rich in iron and calcium, denoting the importance of evaluating the effect of these characteristics on the sorption of P in these soils.

Keywords:
Precipitation; Adsorption; Soil phosphorus storage capacity

Characteristics	Soils
Characteristics	NQR	LVM	AVM	NFC	CHA	CRM	CHB	CHQ	AVA	VHM
Sand (g kg^-1)	920	940	850	640	680	290	660	380	520	290
Silt (g kg^-1)	40	10	20	22	70	160	70	220	90	320
Clay (g kg^-1)	40	50	130	140	250	550	270	400	390	390
Soil density (g cm^-3)	1.64	1.58	1.56	1.35	1.39	1.20	1.42	1.36	1.37	1.27
P-rem (mg L^-1)	57.9	58.8	52.1	49.1	22.7	12.1	33.0	11.6	25.9	18.1
PH	5.6	4.6	4.1	6.5	6.7	7.6	6.6	6.7	7.5	8.0
SOM (g kg^-1)	5.1	2.4	7.5	6.2	9.1	14.4	9.4	11.0	5.5	7.0
P Mehlich-1 (mg dm^-3)	5.0	3.3	4.2	60.7	2.0	3.1	4.5	4.8	3.7	1.6
Fe2O3 (g kg^-1)	1.86	2.14	12.69	45.23	23.01	72.86	47.07	121.39	44.12	50.03
K⁺ (mg dm^-3)	53.3	16.7	35.7	137.3	184.3	185.8	144.8	149.5	233.9	64.0
Na⁺ (mg dm^-3)	8.5	7.6	20.1	133.1	20.9	47.1	54.0	116.3	40.0	76.2
Ca²⁺ (cmol_C dm^-3)	0.89	0.24	0.74	6.94	12.23	40.33	6.04	11.50	9.33	35.73
Mg²⁺ (cmol_C dm^-3)	0.73	0.25	0.29	3.10	1.68	4.77	1.,17	1.29	3.03	5.60
Al³⁺ (cmol_C dm^-3)	0.10	0.24	0.61	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
(H+Al) (cmol_C dm^-3)	1.71	1.23	4.02	1.19	1.81	0.15	1.58	1.97	0,13	0.00
SB (cmol_C dm^-3)	1.79	0.56	1.20	10.97	14.47	45.78	7.81	13.68	13.13	41.83
CECe (cmol_C dm^-3)	1.89	0.80	1.81	10.97	14.47	45.78	7.81	13.68	13.13	41.83
CEC (cmol_C dm^-3)	3.50	1.79	5.22	12.16	16.28	45.93	9.39	15.65	13.26	41.83
BS (%)	51	31	23	90	89	100	83	87	99	100
AS (%)	5	30	34	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
ESP (%)	1	2	2	5	1	0	3	3	1	1

Soil	Langmuir sorption isotherm		Freundlich sorption isotherm
Soil	MPSC	a	k	n
	mg kg^-1	L mg^-1	L g^-1
NQR	50.4016	1.6799	32.2002	8.0169
LVM	87.2600	1.6620	51.7796	7.0150
AVM	100.8756	1.1825	61.3122	6.2908
NFC	77.4201	0.5662	39.5007	6.0314
Mean	78.9893	1.2727	46.1982	6.8385
CHA	383.3451	0.6750	153.6844	3.5894
CHB	435.6351	0.2415	144.1645	3.8662
AVA	454.3834	0.3286	153.4291	3.3355
Mean	424.4545	0.4150	150.4260	3.5970
CRM	879.4527	0.3277	292.9840	3.4277
CHQ	883.4568	1.0791	405.9710	4.1263
VHM	773.5344	0.2140	225.9578	3.3113
Mean	845.4813	0.5403	308.3043	3.6218

	MPSC ⁽²⁾	a	k	n	Clay
P-rem	-0.949^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	0.677^* * significant at 5%;	-0.902^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	0.916^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	-0.841^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.
Clay	0.915^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	-0.632^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	0.820^* * significant at 5%;	-0.765^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	-
n	-0.807^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	-	-	-	-
k	0.954^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	-	-	-	-
a	-0.563^* * significant at 5%;	-	-	-	-

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	MPSC ⁽²⁾	a	k	n	Clay
P-rem	-0.949^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	0.677^* * significant at 5%;	-0.902^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	0.916^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	-0.841^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.
Clay	0.915^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	-0.632^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	0.820^* * significant at 5%;	-0.765^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	-
n	-0.807^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	-	-	-	-
k	0.954^ significant at 1%; ns = not significant; constants of the Langmuir sorption isotherm: MPSC = maximum P sorption capacity, and a = binding energy of P to the soil; k and n = constants of the Freundlch model related to soil capacity to sorb the P from the equilibrium solution.	-	-	-	-
a	-0.563^* * significant at 5%;	-	-	-	-