LEAF ANATOMY OF <i>SENNA CANA</i> (FABACEAE) IN A SEASONALLY DRY TROPICAL FOREST

XAVIER, LUCAS DA PENHA; ARRUDA, EMILIA CRISTINA PEREIRA DE

doi:10.1590/1983-21252021v34n116rc

LUCAS DA PENHA XAVIER

Departament of Botany, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; lucas.penha.xavier@hotmail.com, emilia_arruda@yahoo.com.br.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8130-1811

EMILIA CRISTINA PEREIRA DE ARRUDA ^**Corresponding author

Departament of Botany, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; lucas.penha.xavier@hotmail.com, emilia_arruda@yahoo.com.br.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1422-2486

*Corresponding author

Figures (4)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1
Senna cana in different soils of Catimbau National Park. A-B. General aspects of leaves and inflorescences. C. Individual on rocky outcrops (A). D. Individual on sandy soil (B1). E. Individual occurring on sandy soil with litter cover (C).

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Figure 2
Frontal view of Senna cana's adaxial and abaxial epidermis at the three areas of analysis and under different light conditions. A-F. Leaves exposed to the Sun. G-L. Leaves in shadow. Images A, B, C, G, H, and I represent adaxial epidermis, while D, E, F, J, K, and L are the abaxial epidermis. Each column indicates a site analyzed in the study, which are the rocky outcrop (A), the sandy soil (B1) and the sandy soil with litter cover (B2), respectively. Note the difference in the distribution of stomata (circles) and trichomes (arrows). Asteristichs - stomata; GT - glandular trichome; TT - Tector Trichome. Scale bar: 50µm.

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Figure 3
Transverse section of leaves of Senna canain rocky outcrops (A), sandy soil (B1) and sandy soil with litter (B2) under sunny and shady conditions. A-C. Leaves in full sun in areas A, B1, and B2, respectively. D-F. Leaves in the shade in areas A, B1, and B2. Observe the distribution of the different types of parenchyma in the mesophyll. Arrow - cuticle; Ad - Adaxial epidermis; Ab - Abaxial epidermis; Vb - Vascular Bundle; Sp - Spongy parenchyma; Pp - Palisade parenchyma. Scale bar: 50µm.

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Figure 4
Presence of phenolic compounds and lipid substances in Senna cana leaves in the Catimbau National Park. A-C. Lipid substances present in leaves on rocky outcrops, sandy soil and litter sandy soil, respectively. D-F. Phenolic compounds (*) present in leaves on rocky outcrops, sandy soil and littered sandy soil. Observe lipids at the base of the trichomes (Arrow) and cells with phenolic content (*). Sp - Spongy parenchyma; Pp - Palisade parenchyma. Scale bar: 50µm.

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Table 1
Morphonatomical characters observed in Senna cana leaves through histological analysis in different studiedarea of the Catimbau National Park, Buique-PE. A - Rocky outcrop, B1 - Sandy soil, B2 - Sandy soil covered by litter.

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Table 2
Quantitative data of leaves ofSenna cana sun and shade leaves in the study areas.A - Rocky outcrop, B1 - Sandy soil, B2 - Sandy soil covered by litter.

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Table 3
Distribution of phenolic compounds and lipids in Senna cana leaves in different area of the Catimbau National Park, based on the presence (+¹, ++², +++³) or absence (-) of these substances. A - Rocky outcrop, B1 - Sandy soil, B2 -Sandy soil covered by litter.

TISSUE/REGION OF THE LEAF	ANALYZED CHARACTERS	CHARACTER TYPE
Epidermis	Number of cell layers	Uniseriate
	Sinuosity of the cell walls in the adaxial surface	Straight
	Sinuosity of the cell walls in the abaxial surface	Straight or sinuous
	Presence of stomata on the epidermis	Amphystomatic
	Stomata type	Paracytic
	Arrangement of the stomata in frontal view	Aleatory
	Position of the stomata in cross-section	Same level of the other epidermal cells
	Cuticle thickness	Thick
	Presence of trichomes on the epidermis	On both sides
	Types of trichomes on the adaxial surface	Glandular¹ 1 Exception of an individual from area B2 (Sandy soil covered by litter).
	Types of trichomes on the abaxial surface	Tector or Glandular
Mesophyll	Mesophyll type	Dorsiventral
	Number of layers of the palisade parenchyma	1-2
	Number of layers of spongy parenchyma	3-4

TISSUE		STUDY AREAS
		A		B1		B2
		LIGHT CONDITION
		SUN	SHADE	SUN	SHADE	SUN	SHADE
Epidermal system	Thickness of adaxial	14.94±	14.21±	18.09±	17.6±	15.21±	13.6±
	cuticle	4.03^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	1.78 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	0.55 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	0.96 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	3.92 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	4.92 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).
	Thickness of abaxial	7.62±	8.61±	6.4±	8.5±	7.74±	7.29±
	cuticle	1.87 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	4.98 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	1.27 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	1.93 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	1.43 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	1.35 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).
	Thickness of adaxial	3,81±	4.15±	4.99±	4.17±	3.89±	4.07±
	cell wall	0.79 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	1.17 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	0.14 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	1.13 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	0.64 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	0.91 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).
	Thickness of the	18.59±	24.89±	19.2±	23.23±	24.35±	23.29±
	adaxial epidermis	3.8 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	3.9 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	2.64 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	5.97 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	3.68 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	3,43 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).
	Thickness of the	11.11±	11.71±	13.38±	11.45±	13.52±	12.45±
	abaxial epidermis	2.78 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	0.69 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	0.44 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	1.53 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	4.92 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	3.47 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).
	Density of trichomes	2,5±	1.26±	2.26±	1.66±	2.86±	2.36±
	on the adaxial surface	0.36 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	0.15 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	0.05 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	0.41 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	1.3 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	1.51 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).
	Density of trichomes	58.9±	53.16±	80.43±	62.86±	44.1±	41.8±
	on the abaxial surface	40.56 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	6.09 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	6.25 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	0.41 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	18.37 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	12.73 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).
Fundamental system	Palisade parenchyma	106.56±	107.29±	111.72±	78.89±	88.78±	96.15±
	thickness	32.92 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	27.12 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	16.92 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	5.62 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	11.24 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	37.74 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).
	Spongy parenchyma	48.19±	54.34±	65.14±	58.85±	61.45±	59.37±
	thickness	4.29 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	7.41 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	24.27 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	9.74 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	6,83 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	14.36 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).
	Mesophyll thickness	154.35± 38.69 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	163.27± 29.27 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	174.77± 35.77 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	137.83± 18.82 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	149.97± 7.89 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).	154.64± 52.67 ^ns ns Not significant at 5% probability analysis of variance (p <0.05).

SUBSTANCE TYPE	AREA	REGION OF LEAF	LIGHT CONDITION
SUBSTANCE TYPE	AREA	REGION OF LEAF	SUN	SHADE
Phenolic compounds	A	Cuticle	-	-
		Epidermis	+¹	+++³
		Mesophyll	+¹	+++³
	B1	Cuticle	-	-
		Epidermis	++²	+++³
		Mesophyll	+++³	+++³
	B2	Cuticle	-	-
		Epidermis	+++³	+++³
		Mesophyll	+++³	+++³
Lipids	A	Cuticle	+++³	+++³
		Epidermis	++²	+¹
		Mesophyll	+¹	+¹
	B1	Cuticle	+++³	+++³
		Epidermis	+¹	+¹
		Mesophyll	+¹	+¹
	B2	Cuticle	++²	++²
		Epidermis	+¹	+¹
		Mesophyll	+¹	+¹

[1] *Corresponding author

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LEAF ANATOMY OF SENNA CANA (FABACEAE) IN A SEASONALLY DRY TROPICAL FOREST

MORFOANATOMIA FOLIAR DE SENNA CANA (FABACEAE) EM UMA FLORESTA TROPICAL SAZONALMENTE SECA

ABSTRACT