Agronomic and bromatological characteristics of forage wheat under different fertilization managements and densities

Demicheli, Pedro M.; Albuquerque, Carlos J. B.; Coelho, Maurício A. de O.; Monção, Flávio P.; Aspiazú, Ignácio; Dantas, Thaise; Freitas, Rogério S. de; Rigueira, João P S.

doi:10.1590/1983-21252024v3712195rc

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Scientific Article • Rev. Caatinga 37 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252024v3712195rc copy

Agronomic and bromatological characteristics of forage wheat under different fertilization managements and densities

Características agronômicas, fisiológicas e bromatológicas do trigo forrageiro em diferentes manejos de adubação e densidades

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the wheat crop as a forage potential subjected to different fertilization and sowing densities in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The design used was randomized blocks in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme with 3 replications, with 3 fertilization managements (without fertilization, organomineral fertilization and mineral fertilization) and 4 sowing densities (200, 350, 500 and 650 seeds m²). The chosen wheat cultivar was MGS Brilhante. For agronomic characteristics, a greater plant height was observed in the fertilized treatments, with an average of 111.28 cm, regardless of the type of fertilizer. For fresh matter and dry matter production, the mineral fertilization treatment showed a 19.76% and 18.99% higher production, respectively, compared to the others. Regarding the leaf percentage variable, there was an average reduction of 25.65% in the treatment without fertilization compared to those with fertilization. Concerning the bromatological composition, there was only a difference in neutral detergent fiber, with an average increase of 6.32% with organomineral fertilization compared to the other treatments. The use of broadcast mineral fertilizer promotes superior results in terms of dry matter yield (5.55 t ha^-1 compared to organomineral fertilizer (4.63 t ha^-1). Increasing sowing density does not affect crop yield.

Keywords:
Semi-arid region; Triticum aestivum. Cereal; Succession

Layer	pH H₂O	P	K	Ca	Mg	Al	H + Al	SB	CEC	V	OM
(cm)	-	--mg dm^-3--		----------cmol_c dm^-3----------						(%)	dag kg^-1
0-20	6.6	3.2	108	5.1	1.1	0	1.8	6.5	8.3	78	2.3

S.V.	DF	Mean squares
S.V.	DF	TT (n^o)	PH (m)	FMY (t ha^-1)	DMY (t ha^-1)	PW (g)	% leaf	% stalk	% spike
Blocks	2	180340.33	545.02	31.24	5.85	0.06	29.23	8.30^ns	11.83^ns
Fertilization (F)	2	42609.45^ns	191.14*	32.53*	4.00*	0.06^ns	72.18*	15.05^ns	27.78^ns
Densities (D)	3	52128.10^ns	6.38^ns	1.07^ns	0.41^ns	0.242^ns	7.86^ns	8.80^ns	6.99^ns
F x D	6	14912.58^ns	19.24^ns	5.59^ns	0.79^ns	0.207^ns	4.31^ns	6.45^ns	5.88^ns
Error	22	27352.69^ns	33.06^ns	8.39^ns	0.89^ns	0.12^ns	9.18^ns	26.92^ns	31.35^ns
Total	35
Means		266.08	108.87	12.70	4.88	2.67	18.63	48.48	32.88
C.V. (%)		62.16	5.28	22.80	19.44	15.40	16.27	10.70	17.03

Fertilization	Plant height (cm)	Fresh matter (t ha^-1)	Dry matter (t ha^-1)	Leaf percentage (%)
Control	104.67 b	11.75 b	4.46 b	15.79 b
Organomineral	110.26 a	11.87 b	4.63 b	19.02 a
Mineral	112.31 a	14.72 a	5.55 a	20.66 a

S.V.	DF	Mean squares
S.V.	DF	DM (%)	MM (%)	OM (%)	NDF	ADF	CP (%)
Blocks	2	6.49	0.48	3.46	1O4.05	17.86	4.27
Fertilization (F)	2	7.54 ^ns	0.85 ^ns	13.35 ^ns	54.37 *	28.69 ^ns	0.93 ^ns
Densities (D)	3	6.27 ^ns	0.91 ^ns	5.00 ^ns	11.87 ^ns	10.77 ^ns	0.05 ^ns
F x D	6	4.97 ^ns	0.47 ^ns	3.01 ^ns	13.96 ^ns	13.87 ^ns	0.50 ^ns
Error	22	5.76	1.07	4.97	12.67	16.46 ^ns	1.21
Total	35
Means		87.41	6.21	81.20	54.22	32.93	4.99
C.V. (%)		2.74	16.64	2.75	6.56	12.32	22.08

Fertilization	DM (%)	MM (%)	OM (%)	NDF	ADF	CP (%)
Control	32.68 a	6.52 a	80.02 a	53.54 b	32.83 a	8.01 a
Organomineral	34.36 a	6.02 a	82.48 a	56.61 a	34.07 a	8.22 a
Mineral	32.84 a	6.10 a	81.48 a	52.52 b	33.72 a	8.73 a

SV	DF	Mean Squares
SV	DF	Chlo	A	E	gs	Ci
Blocks	2	1.79	1.47	0.66	0.01	26318.77
Fertilization (F)	2	19.99^ns	30.13^ns	0.14^ns	0.01 ^ns	43.1450^ns
Densities (D)	3	19.36^ns	35.12^ns	0.02^ns	0.01 ^ns	9997.20^ns
F x D	6	13.93^ns	18.54^ns	0.36^ns	0.01 ^ns	7231.71^ns
Error	22	15.73	20.79	0.32	0.01	8138.76
Total	35
Means		57.51	13.84	1.60	0.16	230
CV (%)		6.90	69.50	35.24	48.86	39.14

S.V.	DF	Mean squares
S.V.	DF	N (dag kg^-1)	P (dag kg^-1)	K (dag kg^-1)
Blocks	2	0.13	0.02	0.45
Fertilization (F)	2	0.81 ^ns	0.01 ns	0.22 ns
Densities (D)	3	4.13 ^ns	0.01 ns	0.07 ns
F x D	6	1.11 ^ns	0.00 ns	0.42 ns
Error	22	31.14	0.00	0.29
Total	35
Means		4.07	0.31	1.65
C.V. (%)		29.22	27.24	32.40

Correlations	Height	FMY	DMY	TPY	LE	ST	SPI
TT	0.15 ns	0.49*	0.53*	0.10 ns	-0.25 ns	-0.09 ns	0.27 ns
Height		0.49*	0.52*	0.31 ns	0.03 ns	0.10 ns	-0.11 ns
FMY			0.97 **	0.27 ns	-0.20 ns	-0.16 ns	0.30 ns
DMY				0.30 ns	-0.23 ns	-0.17 ns	0.33 ns
TPY					-0.01 ns	-0.17 ns	-0.15 ns
LE						0.29 ns	-0.47 *
ST							-0.71 **

Correlations	Chlor	NFR	TRANS	SC	CO2	N	P	K
SPI	-0.21 ns	-0.01 ns	0.26 ns	0.15 ns	-0.19 ns	0.01 ns	0.11 ns	-0.14 ns
Chlor		-0.07 ns	0.07 ns	0.04 ns	0.16 ns	0.00 ns	0.02 ns	-0.27 ns
NFR			0.52 *	0.41 ns	-0.21 ns	-0.30 ns	-0.10 ns	-0.04 ns
TRANS				0.91 **	0.17 ns	-0.29 ns	-0.16 ns	0.42 *
SC					0.23 ns	-0.14 ns	0.37 ns	0.80**
N						0.03 ns	0.60 **	0.39 ns
P							0.61 **	0.40 ns
K								0.40 ns

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[1] *Corresponding author: <rogerio.freitas@sp.gov.br>