Grain yield performance of corn in different plant arrangements

Cazarim, Paulo H.; Shimizu, Gabriel D.; Fantin, Lucas H.; Silva, Marcelo A. de A.; Zucareli, Claudemir

doi:10.1590/1983-21252023v36n306rc

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Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 36 (3) • Jul-Sep 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n306rc copy

Grain yield performance of corn in different plant arrangements

Desempenho produtivo do milho em diferentes arranjos de plantas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Sowing arrangements composed of double-row spacing in corn can favor the interception of solar radiation by the canopy and, consequently, the yield performance of the crop. However, it is possible that the microclimate provided by this spacing, especially at high plant densities, favors the occurrence of leaf diseases. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of 0.45 m and double-row spacing arrangements on the severity of foliar diseases and yield performance of corn grown in the first and second-crop seasons. Two independent experiments were conducted (with and without the fungicide fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin) in the first and second-crop seasons in a randomized block design arranged in a split-plot scheme with four repetitions. The plots consisted of spacing (0.45 m) and double-row (0.30 × 0.60 m), and the subplots, four plant densities (59,200, 74,000, 81,400, and 96,200 plants ha^-1). In the plant density factor, in the second-crop season, there is a decrease in the severity of white spot as plant density is increased. Also, for the plant density factor, in the first-crop season, there may be a significant yield increase as the plant density is increased.

Keywords
Zea mays L; Inter-row spacing; Plant density; Leaf disease severity

Crop seasons		First-crop season			Second-crop season
DS	IS	FS	FS/DS	IS	FS	FS/DS
plants ha^-1 -----------plants ha^-1----------- (%) -----------plants ha^-1----------- (%)
59,200	59,200	59,000	99	59,200	58,100	98
74,000	74,000	73,600	99	73,800	73,300	99
81,400	81,200	80,700	99	81,200	80,000	98
96,200	94,600	93,200	96	93,900	92,000	95

Crop season	Variable	S	D	S × D
First-crop season	SD EIH PH LAI AUDPC-S EP EL	0.72 0.66 0.41 0.09 0.24 0.18 0.49	2.9.10-11^*** 2.6.10-02^* 0.48 10-16^* 0.08 2.9.10-04^* 5.3.10-09^***	0.08 0.22 0.54 0.71 0.90 0.74 0.79
	ED	1.00	4.2.10-05^***	0.55
	1000W	0.99	5.4.10-07^***	0.28
	NGE	0.75	4.8.10-05 ^***	0.67
	NG m^-2	0.07	1.4.10-11^***	0.08
	YLD	0.14	1.7.10-07^***	0.12
Second-crop season	SD EIH PH LAI AUDPC-T AUDPC-G AUDPC-W STI	3.8.10-02^* 0.86 0.49 0.38 0.94 0.27 0.39 0.26	3.2.10-05^* 5.3.10-03^ 0.05 <2.10-16^* 0.49 0.81 7.3.10-03^ 0.51	0.54 0.69 0.52 0.08 0.38 0.38 0.47 0.56
	LODG	0.09	0.12	0.38
	EP	0.28	2.3.10-09^***	3.5.10-02^*
	EL	0.96	2.2.10-02^*	0.66
	ED	0.43	0.97	0.79
	1000W	0.27	0.68	0.63
	NGE	0.92	0.10	0.40
	NG m^-2	0.82	0.11	0.13
	YLD	0.33	0.63	0.94

Grain yield components	YLD
1000W	-0.02 ^ns ns not significant; **: significant at 1% (p<0.01).
NG m^-2	0.75 ^{^**}

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[1] Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.