Pulmonary risk |
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Respiratory Failure Risk Index (2000)1818 Arozullah AM, Daley J, Henderson WG, Khuri SF. Multifactorial Risk Index for Predicting Postoperative Respiratory Failure in Men After Major Noncardiac Surgery. Ann Surg. 2000;232(2):242-53. doi: 10.1097/00000658-200008000-00015. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-2000080...
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Simple application (sum of points). Considers type of surgery. |
Only included male patients. Evaluates single outcome |
Postoperative Pneumonia Risk Index (2001)1919 Arozullah AM, Khuri SF, Henderson WG, Daley J. Development and Validation of a Multifactorial Risk Index for Predicting Postoperative Pneumonia after Major Noncardiac Surgery. Ann Intern Med. 2001 20;135(10):847. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-135-10-200111200-00005. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-10...
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Simple application (sum of points). Considers type of surgery. |
Validated for population with high prevalence of comorbidities and low female participation. Evaluates single outcome |
ARISCAT (2010)2020 Canet J, Gallart L, Gomar C, Paluzie G, Vallès J, Castillo J, et al. Prediction of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in a Population-based Surgical Cohort. Anesthesiology. 2010;113(6):1338-50. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181fc6e0a. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181fc...
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Simple application (sum of points). Evaluates multiple outcomes |
Relatively small sample. Validated for specific population (Catalonia) |
Kidney risk |
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AKI Risk Index in General Surgery (2009)2929 Kheterpal S, Tremper KK, Heung M, Rosenberg AL, Englesbe M, Shanks AM, et al. Development and Validation of an Acute Kidney Injury Risk Index for Patients Undergoing General Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2009;110(3):505-15. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181979440. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e318197...
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Simple application (sum of points). Considers the operated site. |
Vascular, urological, ophthalmological, and obstetric procedures excluded. Did not evaluate the use of nephrotoxic agents and intraoperative hydration. |
Tool (year of publication) |
Benefits |
Limitations |
Simple Risk of Postoperative AKI - SPARK (2019)3131 Park S, Cho H, Park S, Lee S, Kim K, Yoon HJ, et al. Simple Postoperative AKI Risk (SPARK) Classification before Noncardiac Surgery: A Prediction Index Development Study with External Validation. JASN. 2019;30(1):170-81. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2018070757. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2018070757...
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Simple application (sum of points). Uses several factors that can be preoperatively adjusted. Includes obstetric procedures |
Reduced performance in urological and neurosurgical procedures. Did not evaluate the use of nephrotoxic agents. Developed in a specific population (South Korea). |
Hepatobiliary Risk |
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Child-Turcotte-Pugh Score - CTP (1973)4646 Pugh RNH, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC, Williams R. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg. 1973;60(8):646-9. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800600817. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800600817...
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Simple application (sum of points). |
Possible variation between evaluators (degrees of ascites and encephalopathy). |
Model for End-Stage Liver Disease - MELD (2000)4747 Malinchoc M, Kamath PS, Gordon FD, Peine CJ, Rank J, ter Borg PCJ. A model to predict poor survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Hepatology. 000;31(4):864-71. doi: 10.1053/he.2000.5852. https://doi.org/10.1053/he.2000.5852....
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Quick application (requires calculator). Uses only 3 variables. |
Few types of surgery (abdominal, orthopedic, cardiovascular) |
Hematological and thromboembolic risk |
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Caprini (2005)5959 Caprini JA. Thrombosis Risk Assessment as a Guide to Quality Patient Care. Dis Mon. 2005;51(2-3):70-8. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2005.02.003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2005...
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Cut-off point indicating chemoprophylaxis for VTE. Considers the type of surgery. |
Lengthy application (37 items to consider) |
Rogers (2007)6464 Rogers SO, Kilaru RK, Hosokawa P, Henderson WG, Zinner MJ, Khuri SF. Multivariable Predictors of Postoperative Venous Thromboembolic Events after General and Vascular Surgery: Results from the Patient Safety in Surgery Study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204(6):1211-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.02.072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.20...
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Considers the type of surgery. |
Lengthy application (23 items to consider). |
Surgical site infection |
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SENIC (1985)7474 Haley RW, Culver DH, Morgan WM, White JW, Emori TG, Hooton TM. Identifying patients at high risk of surgical wound infection. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;121(2):206-15. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113991. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.a...
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Simple application (sum of points). |
Old, developed from hospital records from the years 1970-1976 in the United States. |
SSIRS (2013)6767 van Walraven C, Musselman R. The Surgical Site Infection Risk Score (SSIRS): A Model to Predict the Risk of Surgical Site Infections. McBryde ES, organizador. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(6):e67167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067167. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.006...
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Simple application (digital calculator). Targets the specific type of surgery to be performed, including all specialties. |
Risk in unclean wounds can be underestimated by the use of antibiotics. Of the 14 factors considered, only 2 are potentially modifiable (smoking and surgery time) |