Factors associated with vocal health and quality of life in teachers/professors

Lopes, Mônica Carneiro Leão de Albuquerque; Fagundes, Sabrina Nathália; Mousinho, Kristiana Cerqueira; Correia, Mylena Guimarães Cabral; Ribeiro, Camila Maria Beder; Vanderlei, Aleska Dias

doi:10.1590/1982-021620182048417

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. CEFAC 20 (4) • Jul-Aug 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620182048417 copy

Factors associated with vocal health and quality of life in teachers/professors

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

to analyze the association of self-reported vocal symptoms with personal, occupational and clinical aspects and relate them to the quality of life of teachers/professors of the federal network of vocational and technological education.

Methods:

study carried out with 157 teachers from a federal public institution of vocational and technological education, who answered the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-bref), Quality of Life in the Voice (V-RQOL) questionnaire and a data form (on social information, health conditions, vocal symptoms, habits, organization and working environment). Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test.

Results:

29% of the teachers presented vocal symptoms. The prevalent complaints were dry throat (38.2%), cough (37.6%) and hoarseness (30.6%). There was a higher prevalence of symptoms in females. For the WHOQOL-bref, the average was 71.3 points, which is considered regular. The domain with the highest score was the psychological one with 75.3. Regarding V-RQOL, the average score in the global domain was 92.5 points, and the physical score was the most compromised one. 90.5% of teachers showed low voice impact on quality of life.

Conclusion:

although these teachers present vocal complaints, they do not reflect in the limitation of the quality of life.

Keywords:
Voice; Quality of Life; Teachers

Variable	With three or more symptoms				Total		P
	No		Yes		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Gender
Males	79	50.3	25	15.9	104	66.2	0.0425
Females	32	20.4	21	13.4	53	33.8	0.0425
Age range
21 - 30	3	1.9	1	0.6	4	2.5	0.7062
31 - 40	27	17.2	13	8.3	40	25.5
41 - 50	40	25.5	13	8.3	53	33.8
51 - 60	32	20.4	17	10.8	49	31.2
61 - 70	9	5.7	2	1.3	11	7.0
Noise
No	5	3.2	2	1.3	7	4.5	0.7937
Tolerable	87	55.4	34	21.6	121	77.0
Unpleasant	19	12.1	10	6.4	29	18.5
Use of Chalk
No	108	68.8	45	28.7	153	97.5	0.5370
Sometimes	2	1.3	0	0.0	2	1.3
Frequently	1	0.6	1	0.6	2	1.3
Temperature
Good	47	29.9	22	14.0	69	43.9	0.7570
Reasonable	48	30.6	19	12.1	67	42.7
Unpleasant	16	10.2	5	3.2	21	13.4

Variable	With three or more symptoms				Total		P
	No		Yes		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Weekly Workload
Up to 10 hours	19	12.1	12	7.6	31	19.7	0.2809
11 to 20 hours	86	54.8	30	19.2	116	74.0
Above 20 hours	6	3.8	4	2.5	10	6.3
Time of Teaching
≤ 5 years	4	2.5	5	3.2	9	5.7	0.6186
6 to 10 years	21	13.4	8	5.1	29	18.5
11 to 15 years	14	8.9	6	3.8	20	12.7
16 to 20 years	20	12.7	9	5.8	29	18.5
21 to 25 years	24	15.3	8	5.1	32	20.4
>25 years	28	17.9	10	6.3	38	24.2
Time in the Institution
≤ 5 years	21	13.4	11	7.0	32	20.4	0.7022
6 to 10 years	29	18.5	12	7.6	41	26.1
11 to 15 years	5	3.2	3	1.9	8	5.1
16 to 20 years	18	11.5	8	5.1	26	16.6
21 to 25 years	21	13.3	9	5.8	30	19.1
>25 years	17	10.8	3	1.9	20	12.7
Works as a teacher outside the Institution
Yes	4	2.5	3	1.9	7	4.4	0.4201
No	107	68.2	43	27.4	150	95.6	0.4201
Nr. of students
Up to 20	31	19.7	15	9.6	46	29.3	0.5045
21 to 40	66	42.0	28	17.9	94	59.9
>41	14	8.9	3	1.9	17	10.8
Class Intervals
Never	17	10.8	4	2.5	21	13.3	0.4052
Sometimes	61	38.9	30	19.1	91	58.0
Always	33	21.1	12	7.6	45	28.7
Most used teaching method
Exhibition Classes	74	47.2	29	18.5	103	65.7	0.5181
Exhibition Classes+ Group Work	14	9.0	4	2.5	18	11.5
Exhibition Classes+ Group work + others	7	4.4	5	3.2	12	7.6
Exhib. Classes+ other	8	5.1	3	1.9	11	7.0
Groups + others	0	0.0	1	0.6	1	0.6
Group work	2	1.3	0	0.0	2	1.3
Others	6	3.8	4	2.5	10	6.3

Variable	With three or more vocal symptoms				Total		P
	No		Yes		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Water a day
Less than 1 litre	16	10.2	9	5.8	25	16	0.6858
1 to 2 litres	72	45.8	27	17.02	99	63
More than 2 litres	23	14.6	10	6.3	33	21
Water during the classes
Never	27	17.2	9	5.8	36	22.9	0.8103
Sometimes	54	34.4	24	15.3	78	49.7
Always	30	19.1	13	8.3	43	27.4
Use of voice
Little	4	2.5	1	0.6	5	3.1	0.5039
Moderate	56	35.6	18	11.5	74	47.2
Much	48	30.6	26	16.5	74	47.2
Too much	3	1.9	1	0.6	4	2.5
Constant use of voice in other activities
Yes	33	21.0	13	8.3	46	29.3
No	78	49.7	33	21.0	111	70.7
Doctor/Speech Therapist
Yes	13	8.3	14	8.9	27	17.2	0.0047
No	98	62.4	32	20.4	130	82.8	0.0047
Profess. Guidance of the use of voice profissionalmente
Yes	12	7.7	5	3.1	17	10.8	0.9914
No	99	63.0	41	26.2	140	89.2	0.9914
Leave of absence for vocal problems
Yes	3	1.9	7	4.4	10	6.3	0.0035
No	108	68.8	39	24.8	147	93.6	0.0035
Alcoholic Drink
No	43	27.4	17	10.8	60	38.3	0.9622
Stopped	5	3.1	2	1.3	7	4.4
Special Occasions	58	36.9	24	15.3	82	52.3
Always	5	3.1	3	1.9	8	5.0
Smoking
No	98	62.4	40	25.5	138	87.9	0.9231
Yes	3	1.9	1	0.6	4	2.5
Ex-smoker	10	6.3	5	3.1	15	9.6

Variable	With three or more vocal symptoms				Total		P
	No		Yes		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Respiratory Allergy
Yes	21	13.4	25	15.9	46	29.3	0.0001
No	90	57.3	21	13.4	111	70.7	0.0001
Asthma
Yes	3	1.9	0	0	3	1.9	0.2602
No	108	68.8	46	29.3	154	98.1	0.2602
Rhinitis/sinusitis
Yes	32	20.4	27	17.2	59	37.6	0.0004
No	79	50.3	19	12.1	98	62.4	0.0004
Pharyngitis/tonsillitis/ laryngitis
Yes	22	14.0	22	14.0	44	28.0	0.0004
No	89	56.7	24	15.3	113	72.0	0.0004
Gastritis/Gastroesophageal reflux/heartburn
Yes	26	16.6	19	12.1	45	28.7	0.0241
No	85	54.1	27	17.2	112	71.3	0.0241

WHOQOL
Domains	Average	Standard Deviation
Physical Score	73.0	± 13.4
Psychological Score	75.3	± 11.9
Social Relations Score	71.8	± 15.9
Environment Score	66.1	± 12.7
Quality of life Score	71.3	± 10.9

V-RQOL Global	WHOQOL-Bref	Domains Averages
Low Impact n= 142	Environment	66.7
	Social Relations	72.1
	Psychological	75.6
	Physical	73.7
	General	72.0
Medium Impact n= 14	Environment	58.7
	Social Relations	67.8
	Psychological	70.8
	Physical	65.0
	General	65.6
High Impact n= 1	Environment	87.5
	Social Relations	83.3
	Psychological	95.8
	Physical	85.7
	General	88.1

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