Analysis of scores in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder before and after intervention with the method - Development of Communication Skills in Autism

Silva, Brigitte Bezerra Lima da; Xavier, Ivana Arrais de Lavor Navarro; Lima, Rafaella Asfora Siqueira Campos; Delgado, Isabelle; Montenegro, Ana Cristina de Albuquerque

doi:10.1590/1982-0216/20242651624

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. CEFAC 26 (5) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/20242651624 copy

Analysis of scores in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder before and after intervention with the method - Development of Communication Skills in Autism

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

to analyze changes in autism classification after intervention with the Development of Communication Skills in Autism (DHACA method) in children assessed with the Childhood Autism Classification Scale.

Methods:

a quantitative analysis study applying the Childhood Autism Rating Scale before and after 20 speech-language-hearing sessions, using the DHACA method with 14 nonverbal or minimally verbal children, of both sexes, aged 2 to 6 years, presented with autism spectrum disorder. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality pattern, and the Wilcoxon test to compare measures of central tendency of the items assessed by the scale before and after the intervention, with a p-value < 0.05 (5%) considered significant.

Results:

the level of autism support needs in the sample decreased after the intervention. The largest sample group classified by the scale before the intervention was “Moderate Autism” (42.86%), followed by “Severe Autism” and “Mild Autism”, both with 28.57%. After the intervention, most groups had scores equivalent to “Mild Autism” (64.29%), followed by “No Autism” (21.43%), “Moderate Autism” and “Severe Autism”, both with 7.14%.

Conclusion:

implementing the DHACA method helped develop communication, cognitive, and behavioral skills and decreased the level of autism support needs in this sample of children.

Keywords:
Autism Spectrum Disorder; Communication; Diagnosis

Levels of autism/General impressions (CARS)	Characterization of the sample BEFORE THE INTERVENTION		Characterization of the sample AFTER THE INTERVENTION		Mean distribution BEFORE THE INTERVENTION	Mean distribution AFTER THE INTERVENTION
-	n*	%	n*	%	-	-
No ASD	0	0.00	3	21.43	0.00	27.30
Mild ASD	4	28.57	9	64.29	32.40	31.00
Moderate ASD	6	42.86	1	7.14	34.70	34.50
Severe ASD	4	28.57	1	7. 14	39. 25	37.50
TOTAL	14	100	14	100	-	-

Items assessed by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)	Mean distribution BEFORE the intervention with DHACA	Mean distribution AFTER the intervention with DHACA	Valor de p
Relating to people	2.85	2.35	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.014 *
Imitation	3.00	2.67	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.091
Emotional response	2.82	2.25	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.013*
Body use	2.53	2.28	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.288
Object use	2.42	2.28	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.085
Adaptation to change	2.71	1.92	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.226
Visual response	2.10	1.78	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.106
Listening response	2.14	2.10	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.963
Taste, smell, and touch response and use	2.17	2.10	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.916
Fear or nervousness	2.42	1.96	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.007*
Verbal communication	3.35	2.78	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.004*
Nonverbal communication	2.53	2.35	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.406
Activity level	2.25	2.17	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.927
Intellectual response	2.35	2.25	p ⁽¹⁾ = 0.676

ABRAMO Associação Brasileira de Motricidade Orofacial Rua Uruguaiana, 516, Cep 13026-001 Campinas SP Brasil, Tel.: +55 19 3254-0342 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistacefac@cefac.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Ana Cristina de Albuquerque Montenegro, Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, 267 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50740-520 - Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, E-mail: ana.amontenegro@ufpe.br