Epidemiological and audiometric profile in a Clinical Audiology Department

Deus, Ester Fannya Lucas Melo de; Zaccaro, Mirian; Abrahão, Cesar Augusto França; Arantes, Brenda Ferreira; Reis Junior, Arlindo Gonçalves; Peres, Tacyana Silva; Castro, Gisélia Gonçalves de

doi:10.1590/1982-0216/201921613019

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. CEFAC 21 (6) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/201921613019 copy

Epidemiological and audiometric profile in a Clinical Audiology Department

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

to characterize and associate variables of epidemiological and audiometric profile of a population of a city in the interior of the Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

Methods:

a descriptive analytical documentary study carried out by means of the analysis of medical records form the department of audiology in a clinic, from 2014 to 2017. Pearson’s chi-squared test and the test for equality of two proportions were used, adopting a significance level of 5% (p<0.05).

Results:

there was a predominance of female and elderly patients. Between 2015 and 2017, there was hegemony of normal hearing results, and in 2014 the mixed loss predominated. In these four years, there was an increase in the number of referrals from otorhinolaryngologist, occupational and Auditory Health Care Service doctors. From 2014 to 2017, there was a significantly greater proportion of normal results in relation to the various degrees of loss, except for a mild degree, in 2015. There was a significantly higher frequency of elderly people presented with various types of loss, especially sensorineural and mixed ones, and of adults with conductive loss and auditory thresholds within standards of normality, with a difference in relation to the those in other age groups.

Conclusion:

most of the patients investigated had hearing loss when all hearing losses were added together. When comparing the degree of hearing loss separately with that of normally hearing individuals, normality prevailed. When normal hearing was excluded, mild, mixed, and bilateral hearing losses were most common.

Keywords:
Hearing; Epidemiology; Hearing Loss

Variable	Category	N	%
Year	2014	58	5.20
	2015	173	15.52
	2016	479	42.96
	2017	405	36.32
Gender	Females	633	56.77
Gender	Males	482	43.23
Age group	Elderly	484	43.41
	Adults	432	38.74
	Youth	83	7.44
	Adolescents	60	5.38
	Children	56	5.02
Origin of referral	Otorhinolaryngologist, occupational and AHS doctors (SUS)	855	76.68
	Doctor - PSF	15	1.35
	Speech-language-hearing therapists (Policlínica)	183	16.41
	Unicerp	58	5.20
	Clínica Unicerp	4	0.36

Variable	Category	n	%
Without alteration	Normal	399	35.78
With alteration	Total of losses	716	64.22
Laterality	Unilateral	65	5.83
Laterality	Bilateral	651	58.39
Type of loss	Normal	399	35.78475
	Conductive	65	5.829596
	Sensorineural	158	14.1704
	Mixed	262	23.49776
	Conductive and Sensorineural	38	3.408072
	Conductive and Mixed	71	6.367713
	Sensorineural and Mixed	122	10.9417
Degree of loss (the classifications of Lloyd and Kaplan (1978) foradults, and Northern and Downs (1984) for children up to 7 years old were considered)	Normal	399	35.78
	Mild	189	16.95
	Moderate	77	6.91
	Moderately severe	178	15.96
	Severe	78	7.00
	Profound	34	3.05
	Slight and Mild	1	0.09
	Mild and Moderate	33	2.96
	Mild and Moderately severe	26	2.33
	Mild and Severe	14	1.26
	Mild and Profound	2	0.18
	Moderate and Moderately severe	32	2.87
	Moderate and Severe	14	1.26
	Moderate and Profound	2	0.18
	Moderately severe and Severe	23	2.06
	Moderately severe and Profound	7	0.63
	Severe and Profound	6	0.54

Category	Year 2014			Year 2015			Year 2016			Year 2017
Category	n	%	p-value	n	%	p-value	N	%	p-value	n	%	p-value
Normal	21	36.21%	Ref.	62	35.84%	Ref.	174	36.33%	Ref.	142	35.06%	Ref.
Mild	3	5.17%	0.147	39	22.54%	0.078	76	15.87%	<0.001*	71	17.53%	0.004*
Moderate	10	17.24%	0.147	18	10.40%	0.020*	17	3.55%	0.003*	32	7.90%	0.001*
Moderately severe	10	17.24%	0.147	18	10.40%	0.020*	99	20.67%	0.005*	51	12.59%	0.001*
Severe	0	0.00%	0.018*	13	7.51%	0.023*	37	7.72%	<0.001*	28	6.91%	0.001*
Profound	4	6.90%	0.131	4	2.31%	0.008*	16	3.34%	0.004*	10	2.47%	0.018*
Slight and Mild	1	1.72%	0.024*	0	0.00%	<0.001*	0	0.00%	0.003*	0	0.00%	0.012*
Mild and Moderate	0	0.00%	0.018*	2	1.16%	0.015*	13	2.71%	0.007*	18	4.44%	0.004*
Mild and Moderately severe	1	1.72%	0.024*	5	2.89%	0.029*	11	2.30%	0.011*	9	2.22%	0.022*
Mild and Severe	1	1.72%	0.024*	1	0.58%	0.010*	6	1.25%	0.040*	6	1.48%	0.045*
Mild and Profound	0	0.00%	0.018*	0	0.00%	<0.001*	0	0.00%	0.003*	2	0.49%	0.015*
Moderate and Moderately severe	4	6.90%	0.131	3	1.73%	0.011*	14	2.92%	0.006*	11	2.72%	0.014*
Moderate and Severe	1	1.72%	0.024*	3	1.73%	0.011*	2	0.42%	0.014*	8	1.98%	0.027*
Moderate and Profound	0	0.00%	0.018*	0	0.00%	<0.001*	0	0.00%	0.003*	2	0.49%	0.015*
Moderately severe and Severe	1	1.72%	0.024*	2	1.16%	0.015*	9	1.88%	0.018*	11	2.72%	0.014*
Moderately severe and Profound	0	0.00%	0.018*	2	1.16%	0.015*	3	0.63%	0.010*	2	0.49%	0.015*
Severe and Profound	1	1.72%	0.024*	1	0.58%	0.010*	2	0.42%	0.014*	2	0.49%	0.015*

Life cycle		Conductive and Mixed	Sensorineural	Sensorineural and Mixed	Mixed	Normal	Conductive	Conductive and Sensorineural	Total	p-value
Elderly	n	40	104	81	169	54	13	23	484	<0.001
Elderly	%	56.34%	65.82%	66.39%	64.50%	13.53%	20.00%	60.53%
Adults	n	25	48	38	71	203	33	14	432
Adults	%	35.21%	30.38%	31.15%	27.10%	50.88%	50.77%	36.84%
Youth	n	4	2	0	9	55	13	0	83
Youth	%	5.63%	1.27%	0.00%	3.44%	13.78%	20.00%	0.00%
Adolescents	n	2	3	3	8	40	4	0	60
Adolescents	%	2.82%	1.90%	2.46%	3.05%	10.03%	6.15%	0.00%
Children	n	0	1	0	5	47	2	1	56
Children	%	0.00%	0.63%	0.00%	1.91%	11.78%	3.08%	2.63%
Total		71	158	122	262	399	65	38	1115

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[1] Corresponding address: Gisélia Gonçalves de Castro, Docente do Centro Universitário do Cerrado Patrocínio, Avenida Líria Terezinha Lassi Capuano, 466, Parque Universitário, CEP: 38747-792 - Patrocínio, Minas Gerais, Brasil, E-mail: giseliagcastro@gmail.com