Phytopathogen resistance of phytohormone-deficient and low-sensitivity mutant tomatoes

This study broadens the knowledge of plant-pathogen interactions using phytohormone-deficient and low-sensitivity mutant tomatoes. The experiment was performed under greenhouse conditions and the mutants used were provided by the HCPD laboratory, at ESALQ/USP. The hormone mutant Never ripe showed a larger final lesion size when inoculated with Botrytis cinerea, whereas curl3 was relatively resistant to this pathogen and more susceptible when inoculated with Phytophthora infestans. The transgenic 35S :: nahG was more susceptible to Oidium lycopersici, and the double mutant dgt, Nr more resistant. The low sensitivity to brassinosteroids confers greater susceptibility to P. infestans and higher resistance to B. cinerea. The deficiency of the hormone auxin promotes high resistance to diseases caused by O. lycopersici, P. infestans and B. cinerea.

Keywords:
Botrytis cinerea; Oidium lycopersici; Phytophthora infestans; hormonal signaling

Authorship

Carla Dias Tunes ^*Corresponding author: carladtunes@gmail.com

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. carladtunes@gmail.com; vanessapg83@hotmail.com; ufpelbrandstetter@hotmail.com; andreiasalmeida@yahoo.com.br; prisrossatto@hotmail.com; alexandreneumann@hotmail.comUniversidade Federal de PelotasBrazilPelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. carladtunes@gmail.com; vanessapg83@hotmail.com; ufpelbrandstetter@hotmail.com; andreiasalmeida@yahoo.com.br; prisrossatto@hotmail.com; alexandreneumann@hotmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7377-9436

Vanessa Pinto Gonçalves

Daniele Brandstetter Rodrigues

Andréia da Silva Almeida

Priscila Rossatto Meneses

Alexandre Milech Neumann

Corresponding author: carladtunes@gmail.com

This work is part of the master's thesis of the first author.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS There is no conflict of interest in the conduct and publication of this work.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (4)

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Table 1:
Incubation period (IP) of gray mold and late blight, and latent period (LP) of powdery mildew on leaves of hormone mutant tomato plants cultivar Micro-Tom. ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba/SP, 2015

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Table 2:
Disease incidence (DI) caused by Botrytis cinerea (gray mold - five days after inoculation), Phytophthora infestans (late blight - five days after inoculation) and Oidium lycopersici (powdery mildew - 15 days after inoculation) on leaves of hormone mutant tomato plants cultivar Micro-Tom. ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba/SP

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Table 3:
Final lesion size (FLS) at 216 hours after inoculation and lesion growth rate (r) of gray mold on leaves of hormone mutant tomato plants cultivar Micro-Tom. ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba/SP, 2015

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Table 4:
Disease severity (SD) caused by Phytophthora infestans (late blight - nine days after inoculation) and by Oidium lycopersici (powdery mildew - 22 days after inoculation) on leaves of hormone mutant tomato plants cultivar Micro-Tom. ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba/SP, 2015

Table 1: Incubation period (IP) of gray mold and late blight, and latent period (LP) of powdery mildew on leaves of hormone mutant tomato plants cultivar Micro-Tom. ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba/SP, 2015

Mutant	IP/LP (hours)
Mutant	Gray mold		Late blight		Powdery mildew
Micro-Tom	52.00±2.00	^NS	59.00±12.43	^NS	208.00±13.38	ab^1/
diageotropica	32.00±14.83		39.00±14.09		192.00±6.57	b
Never ripe	52.00±5.51		55.00±7.00		214.00±10.46	ab
epinastic	45.60±2.40		35.00±7.16		194.40±4.48	ab
procera	38.00±12.83		46.00±11.86		210.00±12.48	ab
curl3	54.00±0.02		50.00±2.52		195.00±7.54	ab
35S::nahG	44.00±9.25		70.00±24.42		200.00±8.00	ab
notabilis	56.00±11.13		52.00±5.51		232.80±4.80	a
dgt, pro	58.00±10.00		31.50±10.78		204.00±10.73	ab
dgt, Nr	49.00±3.60		46.00±2.00		232.00±5.93	a
dgt, epi	54.00±6.00		44.00±2.52		196.00±11.02	ab

¹
^/Means (of six measurements ± standard error) followed by the same letter in the column do not differ between each other by the Tukey Test (p(0.05). ^NS Not significant by the F Test(p ( 0.05).

Table 2: Disease incidence (DI) caused by Botrytis cinerea (gray mold - five days after inoculation), Phytophthora infestans (late blight - five days after inoculation) and Oidium lycopersici (powdery mildew - 15 days after inoculation) on leaves of hormone mutant tomato plants cultivar Micro-Tom. ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba/SP

Mutant	DI (%)
Mutant	Gray mold		Late blight		Powdery mildew
Micro-Tom	100.00±0.00	a^1/	100.00±0.00	a	100.00±0.00	a
diageotropica	50.00±0.57	c	66.67±0.58	d	83.33±0.70	b
Never ripe	100.00±0.00	a	100.00±0.00	a	100.00±0.00	a
epinastic	100.00±0.00	a	83.33±0.59	b	100.00±0.00	a
procera	50.00±0.56	c	83.33±0.56	b	83.33±0.70	b
curl3	25.00±0.57	d	100.00±0.00	a	80.00±0.58	c
35S::nahG	83.33±0.58	b	50.00±0.58	e	100.00±0.00	a
notabilis	50.00±0.57	c	100.00±0.00	a	83.33±0.72	b
dgt, pro	50.00±0.59	c	75.00±0.58	c	83.33±0.69	b
dgt, Nr	100.00±0.00	a	100.00±0.00	a	100.00±0.00	a
dgt, epi	50.00±0.57	c	100.00±0.00	a	100.00±0.00	a

¹
^/Means (of six measurements ± standard error) followed by the same letter in the column do not differ between each other by the Tukey Test (p ( 0.05).

Table 3: Final lesion size (FLS) at 216 hours after inoculation and lesion growth rate (r) of gray mold on leaves of hormone mutant tomato plants cultivar Micro-Tom. ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba/SP, 2015

Mutant	FLS (mm)		r
Micro-Tom	4.84±0.47	ab^1/	0.14±0.01	a^1/
diageotropica	1.85±0.85	ab	0.05±0.02	ab
Never ripe	5.74±0.93	a	0.15±0.01	a
epinastic	5.04±0.46	ab	0.12±0.01	ab
procera	4.31±1.80	ab	0.10±0.03	ab
curl3	0.68±0.68	b	0.02±0.02	b
35S::nahG	4.18±0.88	ab	0.13±0.02	ab
notabilis	1.91±0.90	ab	0.06±0.02	ab
dgt, pro	2.15±1.04	ab	0.07±0.03	ab
dgt, Nr	4.82±0.68	ab	0.16±0.01	a
dgt, epi	2.13±0.95	ab	0.06±0.02	ab

¹
^/Means (of six measurements ± standard error) followed by the same letter in the column do not differ between each other by the Tukey Test (p ( 0.05).

Table 4: Disease severity (SD) caused by Phytophthora infestans (late blight - nine days after inoculation) and by Oidium lycopersici (powdery mildew - 22 days after inoculation) on leaves of hormone mutant tomato plants cultivar Micro-Tom. ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba/SP, 2015

Mutant	SD (%)
Mutant	Late blight		Powdery mildew
Micro-Tom	30.66±14.74	abcd^1/	31.92±9.97	ab
diageotropica	5.00±2.28	d	31.72±9.85	ab
Never ripe	6.00±1.89	cd	9.21±3.82	ab
epinastic	13.16±5.77	bcd	19.17±6.01	ab
procera	51.83±5.77	ab	23.02±9.77	ab
curl3	71.33±3.58	a	10.36±5.21	ab
35S::nahG	50.50±14.41	abc	44.22±11.17	a
notabilis	23.33±3.71	bcd	14.76±7.07	ab
dgt, pro	25.25±17.48	bcd	24.87±8.73	ab
dgt, Nr	15.50±9.08	bcd	4.18±0.43	b
dgt, epi	55.50±9.98	ab	26.50±6.45	ab

¹
^/Means (of six measurements ± standard error) followed by the same letter in the column do not differ between each other by the Tukey Test (p ( 0.05).

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