Morphology of the coffee root system using polyethylene film

Nascimento, Letícia Gonçalves do; Assis, Gleice Aparecida de; Fernandes, Marco Iony dos Santos; Caixeta, Lucas Gomes; Carvalho, Fábio Janoni; Mazziero, Beatriz Gallucci

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202370040006

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Crop Production • Rev. Ceres 70 (4) • Jul-Aug 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202370040006 copy

Morphology of the coffee root system using polyethylene film¹ 1 This work is part of the first author’s Completion of Course Work.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

In the initial phase of the coffee crop, the control of weeds and water availability for the establishment of the plants is a concern. The polyethylene cover can positively influence the chemical and biological characteristics of the soil and, consequently, the root system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphology of the root system of coffee plants using polyethylene mulching of different widths and colors. Coffee was planted in December 2016 using the cultivar Topázio MG-1190. A randomized repetitions design was used, with four blocks and five treatments, as follows: 1.20-m wide white/black mulching, 1.40-m white/black mulching, 1.20-m silver/black mulching, 1.40-m silver /black mulching, and no mulching. Total root dry matter per soil volume, total root length per soil volume, total root volume per soil volume, total root area per soil volume, specific root surface, specific root length, and mean root diameter were all evaluated. Roots with smaller diameters were concentrated in the 0-0.20 m depth layer, while in the 0.20-0.40 m depth layer, roots with larger diameters were found. Plants grown in 1.20-m silver/black mulching showed a greater surface area and a specific length of the roots.

Keywords
Coffea arabica ; polyethylene mulching; root growth

Characteristic	2016	2017	2018	2019
pH (H₂O)	5.5	6.0	5.8	5.2
Phosphorus (P) – mg dm^-3	18.6	29.9	12.4	12.6
Potassium (K) – mg dm^-3	134.0	149.0	91.0	165.0
Calcium (Ca²⁺) – cmol_c dm^-3	3.8	4.0	2.7	3.2
Magnesium (Mg²⁺) – cmol_c dm^-3	1.5	1.6	1.0	0.8
Aluminum (Al³⁺) – cmol_c dm^-3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
H+Al (SMP extractor) – cmol_c dm^-3	2.2	2.6	3.8	3.3
Exchangeable base sum (SB) – cmol_c dm^-3	5.6	6.1	3.9	4.4
CEC (t) - cmol_c dm^-3	5.6	6.1	3.9	4.5
CEC at pH 7.0 (T) - cmol_c dm^-3	7.8	8.7	7.7	7.7
Base saturation index (V) - %	72.0	70.0	51.0	57.0
Aluminum saturation index (m) - %	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.0
Organic matter (MO) - dag kg^-1	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.5
Zinc (Zn) – mg dm^-3	4.7	5.9	2.5	2.8
Iron (Fe) – mg dm^-3	21.0	30.0	22.0	20.0
Manganese (Mn) – mg dm^-3	3.1	5.3	1.7	4.2
Copper (Cu) – mg dm^-3	2.0	4.2	2.7	3.5
Boron (B) – mg dm^-3	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.4

SV	DF	Total volume		Total area
SV	DF	Deviance	Valor-p	Deviance	Valor-p
Treatment	4	0.42	0.98^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.	0.81	0.94^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.
Depth	3	1.71	0.64^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.	3.6	0.31^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.
Block	3	3.42	0.33^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.	3.76	0.29^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.
Treatment X Depth	12	8.9	0.71^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.	7.48	0.82^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.
SV	DF	Diameter		Total length
SV	DF	*Deviance*	*Valor-p*	*Deviance*	*Valor-p*
Treatment	4	12.48	0.014^* * Significant at 0.05 of significance;	2.12	0.71^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.
Depth	3	9.74	0.021^* * Significant at 0.05 of significance;	5.83	0.12^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.
Block	3	3.22	0.36^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.	5.15	0.16^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.
Treatment X Depth	12	12.95	0.37^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.	8.43	0.75^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.
SV	DF	Dry matter		Specific surface
SV	DF	*Deviance*	*Valor-p*	*Deviance*	*Valor-p*
Treatment	4	8.79	0.066^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.	11.57	0.021^* * Significant at 0.05 of significance;
Depth	3	0.33	0.95^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.	0.13	0.99^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.
Block	3	2.71	0.44^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.	1.48	0.69^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.
Treatment X Depth	12	9.89	0.63^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.	8.33	0.76^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.
SV	DF	Specific length
SV	DF	*Deviance*	*Valor-p*
Treatment	4	15.07	0.004^* * Significant at 0.05 of significance;
Depth	3	0.11	0.989^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.
Block	3	1.77	0.622^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.
Treatment X Depth	12	8.52	0.743^ns Ns Not significant, by the Chi-Square at 0.05 of probability.

Mulching	TV^ns ns not significant by the test of Tukey at 0.05 of probability.	TA^ns ns not significant by the test of Tukey at 0.05 of probability.	MD^* * Significant at 0.05 of probability;	TL^ns ns not significant by the test of Tukey at 0.05 of probability.	TDM^ns ns not significant by the test of Tukey at 0.05 of probability.	SS^* * Significant at 0.05 of probability;	SL^ Significant at 0.01 of probability;
MB 1.2 m	4.20	15.00	0.44 b	7.74	0.74	26.14 c	12.65 c
MB 1.4 m	3.56	13.30	0.44 b	6.93	0.75	21.75 d	11.28 d
MP 1.2 m	3.81	14.00	0.41 c	7.50	0.56	45.05 a	22.29 a
MP 1.4 m	3.87	14.30	0.43 b	7.47	0.79	30.04 b	15.16 b
SM	2.96	10.90	0.46 a	5.54	0.77	21.33 d	10.29 e
Depth	TV^ns ns not significant by the test of Tukey at 0.05 of probability.	TA^ns ns not significant by the test of Tukey at 0.05 of probability.	MD*	TL^ns ns not significant by the test of Tukey at 0.05 of probability.	TDM^ns ns not significant by the test of Tukey at 0.05 of probability.	SS^ns ns not significant by the test of Tukey at 0.05 of probability.	SL^ns ns not significant by the test of Tukey at 0.05 of probability.
0-20 point 1	3.87	14.50	0.43 b	7.77	0.88	32.23	15.99
0-20 point 2	4.23	15.20	0.43 b	7.75	0.71	30.54	15.21
0-20 point 3	3.82	14.20	0.43 b	7.42	0.65	29.13	14.39
20-40 point 4	2.79	10.10	0.46 a	5.21	0.65	23.55	11.72

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[1] *Corresponding author: gleice@ufu.br

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Morphology of the coffee root system using polyethylene film1 1 This work is part of the first author’s Completion of Course Work.

ABSTRACT

Morphology of the coffee root system using polyethylene film¹ 1 This work is part of the first author’s Completion of Course Work.