Light sources indoor benefit the growth and development of pepper cultivars

Light is a determining factor in plant morphophysiology, as it influences the growth and development of agricultural crops. Thus, the objective was to investigate the effects of light sources on the growth and development of “biquinho” pepper cultivars. The experiment was performed in two stages (Exp1 and Exp2), evaluating two cultivars (BRS Moema; Airetama biquinho) in five light sources (white LEDs, red LEDs, blue LEDs, red/blue LEDs, and fluorescent lamps). In Exp1 the plants were kept in a controlled condition, with a completely randomized design, in a 2x5 factorial scheme (cultivars x light sources) until 76 days after emergence (DAE), in which growth variables and photosynthetic pigments were evaluated. In Exp2, the plants were removed from the above conditions and transplanted in pots, being kept in greenhouse for more 76 DAE. At 152 DAE, the same variables as Exp1 were evaluated, as well as gain of shoot fresh and dry mass, and gain of root fresh and dry mass. In both experiments, growth variables were affected by cultivar and the light sources, however, the behavior did not follow the same trend for all variables, indicating that the light quality influences the growth of the crops, and impacting during greenhouse conditions.

Keywords
Capsicum chinense ; light quality; light-emitting diodes (LEDs); photosynthetic pigments

Authorship

Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. macvini@gmail.comUniversidade Estadual do MaranhãoBrazilSão Luís, Maranhão, BrazilUniversidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. macvini@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2014-4453

Maria Inês Diel ^**Corresponding author: mariaines.diel@hotmail.com

Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. mariaines.diel@hotmail.comUniversidade Federal do PampaBrazilItaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. mariaines.diel@hotmail.com

Oscar Valeriano Sanchéz Valera

Instituto Nacional do México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Zongolica, Veracruz, Mexico. oscarvalera@itszongolica.edu.mxInstituto Nacional do MéxicoMexicoVeracruz, MexicoInstituto Nacional do México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Zongolica, Veracruz, Mexico. oscarvalera@itszongolica.edu.mx

Leonardo Antonio Thiesen

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. thiesen07@hotmail.comUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaBrazilSanta Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. thiesen07@hotmail.com

Anderson Rafael Webler

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. anderson.webler@gmail.com; guilhermemasarroaraujo@gmail.com; diessicajunges@gmail.com; denise@ufsm.brUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaBrazilFrederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. anderson.webler@gmail.com; guilhermemasarroaraujo@gmail.com; diessicajunges@gmail.com; denise@ufsm.br

Guilherme Masarro-Araujo

Diéssica Letícia Junges

Tainara Gris

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. tainaragris95@gmail.comUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaBrazilFlorianópolis, Santa Catarina, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. tainaragris95@gmail.com

Denise Schmidt

*Corresponding author: mariaines.diel@hotmail.com

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

There is no conflict of interests in carrying this research and publishing this manuscript.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (7)

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Figure 1
Means of growth variables of biquinho pepper cultivars under different light sources in experiment I: A) plant height (PH, cm), B) number of leaves (NL), C) shoot fresh mass (SFM, g), D) shoot dry mass (RFM, g), E) root fresh mass (SDM, g), F) root dry mass (RDM, g). Lower case letters differ in light sources and upper-case letters differ in cultivars by Tukey’s test, at 5% significance.

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Figure 2
Growth variables (A, C) root length (RL, cm) and (B) root volume (RV, mL) as a function of biquinho pepper cultivars under different light sources in growing room. Lower case letters differ by Tukey’s test, at 5% significance.

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Figure 3
(A) leaf area (LA, m²), (B) chlorophyll a (Chla, µm cm^-2), (C) chlorophyll b (Chlb, µm cm^-2), (D) carotenoids (CAR, µm cm^-2), (E) total chlorophyll content (ChlT, µm cm^-2), and F) total chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio (ChlT/Car) of biquinho pepper cultivars grown under different light sources in growing room. Lower case letters differ in light sources and upper-case letters differ in cultivars according to the Tukey's test, at 5% significance.

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Figure 4
(A) root volume (RV, ml), (B) shoot fress mass (SFM, g), (C) root fresh mass (g), (RFM, D) root dry mass (RDM, g), E) fresh fruit mass (FFM, g) and F) dry fruit mass (DFM, g).of piquet pepper cultivars at 152 DAE in greenhouse. Lower case letters differ in light sources and upper-case letters differ in cultivars according to the Tukey test, at 5% significance.

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Figure 5
(A) chlorophyll a (Chla, µm cm^-2), B) total chlorophyll (ChlT, µm cm^-2), C) carotenoids (Car, µm cm^-2) from biquinho pepper cultivars grown at 152 DAE in greenhouse. Lower case letters differ in light sources and upper-case letters differ in cultivars according to the Tukey's test, at 5% significance.

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Figure 6
Mass gain as a percentage of 76 DAE to 152 DAE for (A) gain of shoot fresh mass (GSFM, %), (B) gain of shoot dry mass (GSDM, %), (C) gain of root fresh mass (GRFM, %) and (D) gain of root dry mass (GRDM, %) for Airetama and BRS Moema cultivars at 152 DAE in greenhouse. Lower case letters differ in light sources and upper-case letters differ in cultivars according to the Tukey's test, at 5% significance.

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Figure 7
Treatments ranking in ascending order for the MGIDI index. The selected treatments are shown in red color and the red circle represents the cutpoint according to the selection pressure. T1: Airetama biquinho and Blue LEDs, T3: Airetama biquinho and fluorescent light and T6: BRS Moema and Blue LEDs.

Figure 1 Means of growth variables of biquinho pepper cultivars under different light sources in experiment I: A) plant height (PH, cm), B) number of leaves (NL), C) shoot fresh mass (SFM, g), D) shoot dry mass (RFM, g), E) root fresh mass (SDM, g), F) root dry mass (RDM, g). Lower case letters differ in light sources and upper-case letters differ in cultivars by Tukey’s test, at 5% significance.

Figure 2 Growth variables (A, C) root length (RL, cm) and (B) root volume (RV, mL) as a function of biquinho pepper cultivars under different light sources in growing room. Lower case letters differ by Tukey’s test, at 5% significance.

Figure 3 (A) leaf area (LA, m²), (B) chlorophyll a (Chla, µm cm^-2), (C) chlorophyll b (Chlb, µm cm^-2), (D) carotenoids (CAR, µm cm^-2), (E) total chlorophyll content (ChlT, µm cm^-2), and F) total chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio (ChlT/Car) of biquinho pepper cultivars grown under different light sources in growing room. Lower case letters differ in light sources and upper-case letters differ in cultivars according to the Tukey's test, at 5% significance.

Figure 4 (A) root volume (RV, ml), (B) shoot fress mass (SFM, g), (C) root fresh mass (g), (RFM, D) root dry mass (RDM, g), E) fresh fruit mass (FFM, g) and F) dry fruit mass (DFM, g).of piquet pepper cultivars at 152 DAE in greenhouse. Lower case letters differ in light sources and upper-case letters differ in cultivars according to the Tukey test, at 5% significance.

Figure 5 (A) chlorophyll a (Chla, µm cm^-2), B) total chlorophyll (ChlT, µm cm^-2), C) carotenoids (Car, µm cm^-2) from biquinho pepper cultivars grown at 152 DAE in greenhouse. Lower case letters differ in light sources and upper-case letters differ in cultivars according to the Tukey's test, at 5% significance.

Figure 6 Mass gain as a percentage of 76 DAE to 152 DAE for (A) gain of shoot fresh mass (GSFM, %), (B) gain of shoot dry mass (GSDM, %), (C) gain of root fresh mass (GRFM, %) and (D) gain of root dry mass (GRDM, %) for Airetama and BRS Moema cultivars at 152 DAE in greenhouse. Lower case letters differ in light sources and upper-case letters differ in cultivars according to the Tukey's test, at 5% significance.

Figure 7 Treatments ranking in ascending order for the MGIDI index. The selected treatments are shown in red color and the red circle represents the cutpoint according to the selection pressure. T1: Airetama biquinho and Blue LEDs, T3: Airetama biquinho and fluorescent light and T6: BRS Moema and Blue LEDs.

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Light sources indoor benefit the growth and development of pepper cultivars

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[1] *Corresponding author: mariaines.diel@hotmail.com