Control failures of Fusarium wilt on tomatoes and resistance of cultivars to the three races of the pathogen

Oliveira, Cristiana Maia de; Carmo, Margarida Gorete Ferreira do; Ferreira, Leandro Martins; Rocha, Mayara dos Santos; Diniz, Caio Soares; Amaral Sobrinho, Nelson Moura Brasil do

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202370040011

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Plant Health • Rev. Ceres 70 (4) • Jul-Aug 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202370040011 copy

Control failures of Fusarium wilt on tomatoes and resistance of cultivars to the three races of the pathogen¹ 1 This work is part of the doctor’s thesis of the first author and it was funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The use of resistant cultivars is the main strategy to control Fusarium wilt on tomato, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici . This study aimed to quantify the incidence and distribution of this disease in the region of Nova Friburgo, RJ, as well as the type of resistance of tomato cultivars to the three FOL races. Samples of healthy and wilted plants from 40 properties were evaluated for the presence of vascular discouloration. Seventeen tomato cultivars were evaluated for resistance to the three FOL races using a grading scale. Classification for resistance/susceptibility, incidence and percentage of infection of the vascular system, fresh weight accumulation and seedling length were determined. All the cultivars analysed behaved as similar to immune (SI) to race 1 of FOL and similar to immune or partial resistance to race 2. Only Aguamiel cultivar presented a SI reaction to FOL race 3. None of the cultivars presented a SI reaction to the three races. It can be concluded that failures on the control of the disease in this region can be attributed to the majority use of cultivars with incomplete resistance to the three FOL races. The seed packages also contain incomplete information about FOL resistance.

Keywords
Solanum lycopersicum ; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.; lycopersici ; race 3; immunity; partial resistance

Genotype	Company	Group	FOL resistance according to the company’s information	FOL incidence in the genotypes/farming	Total of genotypes with FOL
Aguamiel¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Vilmorin	Italiano	1, 2, 3	0	0
Alambra¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Clause	Salada	1, 2	F14(3), F27(1)	4
BRS Imigrante² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank;	Agrocinco	Salada	1, 2, 3	-	-
Caeté¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Blueseeds	Saladete	1, 2	0	0
Carina Ty² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank;	Sakata	Santa Cruz	1, 2	-	-
Carolina² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank;	Feltrin	Cereja	1, 2	-	-
Débora Plus¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Sakata	Santa Cruz	1, 2	0	0
Diana¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Sakata	Salada	1, 2	0	0
Forty² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank;	Syngenta	Salada	1, 2	-	-
Giuliana¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Sakata	Italiano	1	F10(1)	1
Itaipava F₁¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Agristar	Salada	1, 2	0	0
Ivety² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank;	Sakata	Salada	1, 2	-	-
Juliete F₁¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Johnny’s	Cereja	Not informed	F31(2)	2
Lumi¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Sakata	Salada	1, 2	0	0
Natália¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Sakata	Salada	1, 2	0	0
PAB² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank;	LabEPS	Cereja	Not informed	-	-
Paron¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Syngenta	Salada	1, 2	0	0
Pizzadoro¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Nunhems	Italiano	1, 2	0	0
San Marzano² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank;	Isla	Italiano	Not informed	0	-
Serato F₁¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Agristar	Salada	1, 2	F5(1), F7(2), F11(1), F13(3), F29 (2), F33(1)	10
Siluet¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	Syngenta	Salada	1, 2	F6(1), F8(1), F9(2), F17(2)	6
TSV770 Cromo¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo.	TecnoSeed	Salada	1, 2, 3		0
Tyler² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank;	Sakata	Salada	1, 2		-
Ponderosa³ 3 Differential cultivars;	LabEPS	Salada	Susceptible		-
Caline IPA-7³ 3 Differential cultivars;	LabEPS	Salada	1		-
Floradade³ 3 Differential cultivars;	LabEPS	Salada	1, 2		-
LA-716³ 3 Differential cultivars;	LabEPS	S. pennellii	1, 2, 3		-
Total				14	23

Genotype	Race 1 (MMBF 01/96)				Race 2 (MMBF 02/96)				Race 3 (FUS 2903)				Race 3 (FUS 1405)
Genotype	I (%)	PVI (%)*	G*	R	I (%)	PVI (%)*	G*	R	I (%)	PVI (%)*	N	R	I (%)	PVI (%)*	N*	R
Aguamiel¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	86	27 b	2.7 b	MR	0	0 c	1.0 c	SI	0	0 d	1.0	SI
Alambra¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	57	11 b	2.4 c	MR	100	84 a	4.1 a	HS	100	100 a	3.7	SU
BRS Imigrante² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	0	0 c	1.0 a	SI	100	48 b	3.4 b	SU	43	24 c	1.7	HR
Carina T_y² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	86	74 a	3.1 b	SU	100	90 a	4.3 a	HS	100	91 a	4.1	HS
Carolina² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	85	80 b	3.6 c	SU	100	61 a	3.7 a	SU	100	100 a	4.4 a	HS	100	79 a	4.1	HS
Débora Plus¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	28	3c	1.4 a	HR	100	100 a	4.1 a	HS	100	93 a	3.5	SU
Forty² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	0	0 c	1.0 a	SI	100	100 a	4.6 a	HS	100	92 a	3.4	SU
Itaipava F₁¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	28	19 b	1.3 a	HR	100	91 a	3.9 a	SU	100	93 a	3.8	SU
Ivety² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	0	0 c	1.0 a	SI	100	88 a	4.0 a	SU	100	92 a	3.9	SU
Lumi¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	0	0 c	1.0 a	SI	100	89 a	4.1 a	HS	100	73 a	3.1	SU
Natália¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	0	0 c	1.0 a	SI	86	74 b	3.4 b	SU	100	89 a	4.0	SU
PAB² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	100	93 a	4.1 b	HS	43	35 b	2.3 c	MR	100	81 a	4.4 a	HS	100	81 a	4.0	SU
San Marzano² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	100	100 a	4.9 a	HS	100	94 a	4.1 a	HS	100	97 a	4.6 a	HS	100	100 a	4.4	HS
Serato F₁¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	0	0 c	1.0 a	SI	100	100 a	4.4 a	HS	100	93 a	3.4	SU
Siluet¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	57	18 b	2.1 c	MR	100	84 a	4.4 a	HS	100	83 a	4.4	HS
TSV770-Cromo¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	0	0 c	1.0 a	SI	86	62 b	3.3 b	SU	71	41 b	1.7	HR
Tyler² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	86	17 b	3.0 b	MR	100	96 a	4.6 a	HS	100	86 a	4.0	SU
Ponderosa³ 3 Differential cultivars; Mean followed by the same lower-case letter in the column do not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability.	100	100 a	4.8 a	HS	100	88 a	4.4 a	HS	100	100 a	4.9 a	HS	100	100 a	4.6	HS
Caline IPA-7³ 3 Differential cultivars; Mean followed by the same lower-case letter in the column do not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability.	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	86	75 a	3.6 a	SU	100	100 a	4.0 a	SU	100	100 a	4.7	HS
Floradade³ 3 Differential cultivars; Mean followed by the same lower-case letter in the column do not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability.	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	0	0 c	1.0 a	SI	100	66 b	3.0 b	SU	100	72 a	3.7	SU
LA-716³ 3 Differential cultivars; Mean followed by the same lower-case letter in the column do not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability.	0	0 c	1.0 d	SI	0	0 c	1.0 a	SI	0	0 c	1.0 c	SI	0	0 d	1.0	SI
CV%		29.6	4.7			54.8	12.7			17.8	6.8			18.3	7.65

Genotype	Race 1(MMBF 01/96)		Race 2 (MMBF 02/96)		Race 3 (FUS 2903)		Race 3 (FUS 1405)
Genotype	RFW %	RL%	RFW %	RL%	RFW %	RL%	RFW %	RL%
Aguamiel¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	81 b	99 a	65 b	84 b	88 a	92 a	88 b	122 b
Alambra¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	104 a	91 a	83 a	96 a	36 c	43 c	44 c	38 c
BRS Imigrante² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	95 a	89 b	92 a	93 a	59 c	63 b	104 b	129 b
Carina T_y² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	64 b	71 b	37 c	51 c	22 d	27 c	41 c	66 b
Carolina² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	36 c	52 c	54 c	71 b	13 d	25 c	32 c	45 c
Débora Plus¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	78 b	88 a	85 a	102 a	19 d	36 c	54 c	71 b
Forty² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	60 b	73 b	75 b	96 a	41 c	42 c	49 c	49 c
Itaipava F₁¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	97 a	107 a	70 b	91 a	29 d	46 b	33 c	37 c
Ivety² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	107 a	113 a	101 a	99 a	41 c	63 b	49 c	93 b
Lumi¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	85 b	90 a	89 a	80 b	42 c	50 b	65 c	72 b
Natália¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	70 b	92 a	97 a	97 a	40 c	59 b	38 c	58 c
PAB² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	29 c	40 c	75 b	76 b	13 d	16 c	28 d	29 d
San Marzano² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	2 d	7 d	39 c	45 c	12 d	19 c	26 d	46 c
Serato F₁¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	82 b	89 a	85 a	90 a	24 d	37 c	51 c	60 c
Siluet¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	92 a	100 a	73 b	93 a	25 d	34 c	29 d	27 d
TSV770-Cromo¹ 1 Cultivars used in Nova Friburgo,	49 c	61 c	81 a	82 b	42 c	51 b	90 b	80 a
Tyler² 2 Other comercial cultivars and genotypes from the LabEPS germoplasm bank and	106 a	108 a	65 b	77 b	20 d	27 c	42 c	48 c
Ponderosa³ 3 Differential cultivars.	5 d	9 d	24 c	33 c	4 d	8 c	8 d	17 d
Caline IPA-7³ 3 Differential cultivars.	34 c	50 c	39 c	52 c	31 d	49 b	9 d	10 d
Floradade³ 3 Differential cultivars.	104 a	95 a	91 a	84 b	47 c	41 c	56 c	47 c
LA-716³ 3 Differential cultivars.	89 a	82 b	71 b	83 b	60 b	67 b	159 a	122 a
CV%	28.4	24.5	24.5	19.6	49.9	45.4	39.3	37.7

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[1] *Corresponding author: cristiana.oliveira@ifms.edu.br

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Control failures of Fusarium wilt on tomatoes and resistance of cultivars to the three races of the pathogen1 1 This work is part of the doctor’s thesis of the first author and it was funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).

ABSTRACT

Control failures of Fusarium wilt on tomatoes and resistance of cultivars to the three races of the pathogen¹ 1 This work is part of the doctor’s thesis of the first author and it was funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).