Decomposition and release of nutrients from species of tropical green manure

Mangaravite, José Carlos Soares; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; Silva, Victor Maurício da; Marin, Ericka Broetto; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202370030012

José Carlos Soares Mangaravite

Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, Piúma, ES, Brazil. mangaravite3@hotmail.com

Renato Ribeiro Passos

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Alegre, ES, Brazil. victormaurciodasilva@gmail.com; renatoribeiropassos@hotmail.com; felipevazandrade@gmail.com; erickabrma@gmail.com; eduardo.mendonca@ufes.br

Felipe Vaz Andrade

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Alegre, ES, Brazil. victormaurciodasilva@gmail.com; renatoribeiropassos@hotmail.com; felipevazandrade@gmail.com; erickabrma@gmail.com; eduardo.mendonca@ufes.br

Victor Maurício da Silva ^**Corresponding author: victormaurciodasilva@gmail.com

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Alegre, ES, Brazil. victormaurciodasilva@gmail.com; renatoribeiropassos@hotmail.com; felipevazandrade@gmail.com; erickabrma@gmail.com; eduardo.mendonca@ufes.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-384X

Ericka Broetto Marin

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Alegre, ES, Brazil. victormaurciodasilva@gmail.com; renatoribeiropassos@hotmail.com; felipevazandrade@gmail.com; erickabrma@gmail.com; eduardo.mendonca@ufes.br

Eduardo de Sá Mendonça

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Alegre, ES, Brazil. victormaurciodasilva@gmail.com; renatoribeiropassos@hotmail.com; felipevazandrade@gmail.com; erickabrma@gmail.com; eduardo.mendonca@ufes.br

*Corresponding author: victormaurciodasilva@gmail.com

Sand	Silt	Clay	pH(H₂O)	C	P	K	Ca	Mg	Al³⁺	H + Al
^_______ g kg^{-1 ______}				g kg^-1	^__ mg kg^{-1 __}		^{_____________} cmol_c kg^{-1 ______________}
601	49	350	5.90	13.80	20.42	90.84	1.98	0.56	0.00	2.82

Green manure	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	C/N	C/P
^{________________________}g kg^{-1________________________}
C. ensiformis	30.5	3.3	12.8	11.3	1.2	12.2	122
C. cajan	27.1	3.5	7.4	2.4	0.8	15.6	121
M. deeringiana	40.7	5.4	10.7	7.8	1.5	9.9	76
C. juncea	19.1	4.4	6.9	2.8	1.0	21.3	92

Green manure	X₀	k	R²	t_1/2
	(g)	(g g^-1 day^-1)	R²	(days)
	dry matter
C. ensiformis	5.810	0.0114 ^ns ns = non-significant by the t test.	0.904	60.8
M. deeringiana	5.138	0.0098 ^ns ns = non-significant by the t test.	0.855	70.7
C. cajan	11.742	0.0070 ^ns ns = non-significant by the t test.	0.999	99.0
C. juncea	9.066	0.0053 ^ns ns = non-significant by the t test.	0.971	130.8
	Nitrogen
C. ensiformis	0.169	0.0122 ^* **, * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.890	56.8
M. deeringiana	0.192	0.0097 ^* **, * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.762	71.5
C. cajan	0.265	0.0093 ^* **, * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.883	74.5
C. juncea	0.111	0.0040 ^* **, * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.178	173.3
	Phosphor
C. ensiformis	0.030	0.0201 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.875	34.5
M. deeringiana	0.036	0.0215 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.951	32.2
C. cajan	0.041	0.0227 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.912	30.5
C. juncea	0.026	0.0238 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.806	29.1
	Potassium
C. ensiformis	0.037	0.0273 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.762	25.4
M. deeringiana	0.030	0.0225 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.698	30.8
C. cajan	0.044	0.0196 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.734	35.4
C. juncea	0.026	0.0190 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.595	36.5
	Calcium
C. ensiformis	0.072	0.0071 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.957	97.6
M. deeringiana	0.050	0.0058 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.958	119.5
C. cajan	0.030	0.0057 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.958	121.6
C. juncea	0.014	0.0060 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.243	115.5
	Magnesium
C. ensiformis	0.007	0.0111 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.924	62.4
M. deeringiana	0.008	0.0100 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.875	69.2
C. cajan	0.008	0.0082 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.948	84.5
C. juncea	0.006	0.0084 ^ , * = significant at 0.01 and 0.05, respectively, by the t test.	0.586	82.5

Variables	DM	N	P	K	C	Ca	Mg	C/N	C/P
Variables	g sample^-1							C/N	C/P
Contrast	C1 = (1/3 CE +1/3 CC + 1/3 MD) – (1CJ) - Three other Fabaceae against Crotalaria juncea
CE/3	1.124	0.032	0.004	0.007	0.420	0.017	0.001	5.255	126.243
CC/3	2.693	0.056	0.006	0.008	0.991	0.007	0.002	7.274	278.245
MD/3	1.065	0.041	0.005	0.006	0.421	0.012	0.002	4.079	117.396
CJ	6.779	0.095	0.012	0.017	2.559	0.012	0.004	36.522	1448.449
C1 Values	-1.897	0.033	0.002	0.004	-0.727	0.025	0.001	-19.914	-926.565
Significance	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ns ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^° *, , ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).
Contrast Fabaceae	C2 = (1 MD) - (1/3 CE + 1/3 CC + 1/3 CJ) - Mucuna deeringiana against the three other
CE/3	1.124	0.032	0.004	0.007	0.420	0.017	0.001	5.255	126.243
CC/3	2.693	0.056	0.006	0.008	0.991	0.007	0.002	7.274	278.245
MD	3.196	0.122	0.015	0.018	1.262	0.037	0.005	12.236	352.188
CJ/3	2.260	0.032	0.004	0.006	0.853	0.004	0.001	12.174	482.816
C2 Values	-2.881	0.002	0.001	-0.003	-1.002	0.009	0.0003	12.468	535.116
Significance	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ns ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ns ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ns ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^° *, , ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ns ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).
Contrast Fabaceae	C3 = (1/2 CE +1/2 MD) - (1/2 CC + 1/2 CJ) - Less fibrous Fabaceae against the more fibrous
CE/2	1.686	0.048	0.006	0.011	0.629	0.025	0.002	7.883	189.364
CC/2	4.039	0.084	0.008	0.012	1.487	0.011	0.003	10.911	417.368
MD/2	1.598	0.061	0.007	0.009	0.631	0.018	0.002	6.118	176.094
CJ/2	3.390	0.048	0.006	0.008	1.279	0.006	0.002	18.261	724.225
C3 Values	-4.144	-0.022	-0.001	-0.001	-1.506	0.027	-0.0004	-15.171	-776.135
Significance	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ns ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^° *, , ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^° *, , ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).	^ , *, ° = significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 respectively, by the F test. ns = non-significant by the F test. CV = coefficients of variation. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea).
CV %	8.37	17.39	22.47	19.00	11.47	16.26	21.26	22.47	043.34

[1] *Corresponding author: victormaurciodasilva@gmail.com

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Decomposition and release of nutrients from species of tropical green manure

ABSTRACT