Germination and fungal infection of wild celery (<i>Apium graveolens</i> L.) seeds, from southern Brazil, under different temperature and disinfection conditions

Doncato, Kennia Brum; Costa, César Serra Bonifácio

doi:10.1590/0034-737X201966050010

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Vegetative and Seminiferous Propagation • Rev. Ceres 66 (5) • Sep-Oct 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X201966050010 copy

Germination and fungal infection of wild celery (Apium graveolens L.) seeds, from southern Brazil, under different temperature and disinfection conditions

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Seeds of wild celery (Apium graveolens L.) from southern Brazil were surface disinfected with different solutions of sodium hypochlorite (5 and 10%) and acetic acid (0.5, 1, 2, 4%), and germination success and fungal infection were evaluated after 28 days of incubation at a constant temperature of 30 ºC and 20/30 ºC thermoperiod (12h:12h). Germination of wild celery was inhibited at the constant temperature (30 ºC). Vigorous total germination (90-100%), a faster germination velocity (1.8-2.5 germinated seeds per day) and moderate fungal infection (53.3-81.7%) of wild celery seeds were obtained with the sodium hypochlorite treatments (5-10% concentration) under the 20/30 ºC thermoperiod. The 4% treatment of acetic acid was very effective at preventing seed fungal infection (only 5% of the seeds) but it reduced the average total germination to 60%. Lower concentrations of acetic acid (0.5-2%) resulted in 100% fungal infection. In conclusion, seedlings of wild celery from southern Brazil can be effectively produced by disinfecting the seeds with 5 -10% sodium hypochlorite and incubation under a 20/30 ºC thermoperiod (12h:12h).

Keywords:
acetic acid; fungi; sodium hypochlorite; prophylaxis.

Treatment	Total germination (%)		Fungal infection (%)
Treatment	20/30 °C ^$	30 °C	20/30 °C	30 °C
5% NaOCl	90.0 c	0.0a	53.3 b	68.2 bc
5% NaOCl	(5.8)	(0.0)	(8.8)	(5.6)
10% NaOCl	100.0 d	0.0a	81.7 c	65.2 bc
10% NaOCl	(0.0)	(0.0)	(10.9)	(2.2)
4% CH₃COOH	60.0 b	0.0a	5.0 a	6.1 a
4% CH₃COOH	(2.9)	(0.0)	(2.9)	(1.5)
F Disinfection	31.2 (***)		46.1 (***)
F Temperature	1500.0 (***)		0.00 (ns)
F Disinfection x Temperature	31.2 (***)		1.2 (ns)

Treatment	Total germination (%) ^$	GSI (Germinated seeds per day)	Fungal infection (%)
5% NaOCl	90.0 c	1.8 ab	53.3 b
(5.8)	(0.2)	(8.8)
10% NaOCl	100.0 c	2.5 c	81.7 c
(0.0)	(0.0)	(10.9)
0.5% CH₃COOH	75.0 b	2.1 bc	100.0 d
(2.9)	(0.1)	(0.0)
1% CH₃COOH	68.3 ab	1.7 ab	100.0 d
(1.7)	(0.2)	(0.0)
2% CH₃COOH	70.0 ab	1.4 a	100.0 d
(7.6)	(0.2)	(0.0)
4% CH₃COOH	60.0 a	1.6 a	5.0 a
(2.9)	(0.2)	(2.9)
F (p-value)	12.0 (***)	5.2 (**)	42.5 (***)

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E-mail: ceres@ufv.br

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[1] * Corresponding author: kenniadoncato@hotmail.com