<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> as growth-promoting rhizobacteria co-inoculated on Bradyrhizobium-treated soybean seeds in the planting furrow

Galbieri, Rafael; Oliveira, Jéssica Alves de; Negri, Bárbara França; Boldt, Alberto Souza; Rizzi, Ueverton dos Santos; Belot, Jean Louis

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202370060001

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Crop Production • Rev. Ceres 70 (6) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202370060001 copy

Bacillus subtilis as growth-promoting rhizobacteria co-inoculated on Bradyrhizobium-treated soybean seeds in the planting furrow

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can ensure the sustainability of agricultural growth. The objectives of this study were to characterize and determine the effects of Bacillus subtilis, isolate IMA Bs/170005, applied as co-inoculant in the soybean planting furrow. In all treatments, the seeds had been pre-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, and in the field. Different doses of formulated (8.10⁸ spores mL^-1) product with B. subtilis (0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.8; 1.2; 1.6 and 2.0 L ha^-1) were tested. The isolate proved efficient for in vitro auxin production. Under greenhouse conditions, the response to B. subtilis co-inoculation consisted of an increase of up to 26% in length of the root system. In the field, co-inoculation in the furrow proved beneficial for crop growth and yield and can be recommended. The best response rate was 0.4 L ha^-1. At this dose, averaged over 20 and 40 days after sowing and compared to the control with Bradyrhizobium inoculation alone, increases of 5.3% were observed for plant height, 14.8% for shoot fresh weight, 14.1% for shoot dry weight, 8.5% for root dry weight and 6.5% for soybean yield, demonstrating the efficiency of this B. subtilis isolate as a PGPR.

Keywords
inoculant; Radilix SC^®; bioproduct; bacteria

Mato Grosso (MT) district	Growing season	Region (MT)	Coordinates		Altitude	Soybean cultivar
Mato Grosso (MT) district	Growing season	Region (MT)	Latitude	Longitude	Altitude	Soybean cultivar
1. Campo Verde	2018	central	15°30'06.83"	55°2'26.94"	690	NS 7901 RR
2. Lucas do Rio Verde	2018	medium-northern	13°00'27.05"	55°58'06.67"	387	M 8372 IPRO
3. Primavera do Leste	2018	central-eastern	15°31'50.68"	54°12'00.90"	621	IMA 84114 RR
4. Sorriso	2019	northern	12°45’45.37”	55°50’38.60”	394	IMA 731 IPRO
5. Campo Verde	2019	central	15º30'07.95"	55º02'20.18”	682	IMA 731 IPRO
6. Primavera do Leste	2019	central-eastern	15º31'41.89"	54º12'05.19”	617	IMA 731 IPRO
7. Rondonópolis	2019	southern	16º33'40.37"	54º37'49.42”	309	IMA 731 IPRO

Treatment (L/ha)	Plant height (cm pl^-1)
	20 DAS^* * DAS: days after sowing;		40 DAS^* * DAS: days after sowing;		Harvest
	mean	sd^† † Standard deviation	mean	sd	mean	sd
0.0	13.1 b	2.2	39.8 b	9.4	72.5 a	10.6
0.2^ Commercial product standard with B. subtilis	13.7 a	2.0	41.6 a	8.5	73.2 a	11.4
0.2	13.6 a	1.6	41.4 a	8.5	72.6 a	11.1
0.4	13.7 a	1.7	41.9 a	8.8	73.3 a	12.8
0.8	13.8 a	2.1	41.3 a	9.6	75.0 a	12.4
1.2	13.6 a	2.0	41.0 a	9.2	73.7 a	11.3
1.6	13.5 ab	2.0	41.1 a	9.2	74.4 a	13.1
2.0	13.5 ab	2.2	41.1 a	9.9	72.6 a	12.6
CV%	6.5		6.7		7.2

Treatment (L/ha)	20 days after sowing (g pl^-1)						40 days after sowing (g pl^-1)
	Shoot		Shoot dry		Root dry		Shoot		Shoot dry		Root dry
	mean	sd^† † Standard deviation	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd
0.0	2.14 b	1.10	0.35 c	0.14	0.126 b	0.06	29.12 c	15.27	5.30 bc	3.04	0.89 c	0.40
0.2^ * Standard commercial product with B. subtilis**	2.58 a	1.04	0.39 ab	0.14	0.133 a	0.05	30.94 abc	15.48	5.81 ab	3.37	0.89 c	0.37
0.2	2.49 a	1.07	0.40 ab	0.14	0.139 a	0.06	31.40 ab	16.07	6.27 a	4.13	0.96 a	0.42
0.4	2.53 a	0.99	0.41 a	0.15	0.138 a	0.06	32.44 a	17.55	5.95 a	3.64	0.95 ab	0.42
0.8	2.24 b	1.07	0.38 ab	0.15	0.133 a	0.06	30.25 bc	16.24	5.92 a	3.66	0.90 bc	0.37
1.2	2.25 b	1.10	0.40 ab	0.16	0.140 a	0.06	30.13 bc	16.05	5.76 ab	3.48	0.92 abc	0.42
1.6	2.25 b	1.08	0.39 ab	0.14	0.140 a	0.05	30.89 abc	15.84	6.10 a	4.10	0.93 abc	0.41
2.0	2.15 b	1.17	0.37 b	0.17	0.134 a	0.06	30.50 bc	17.31	5.21 c	2.83	0.91 bc	0.41
CV%	11.1		14.5		11.0		13.10		21.6		12.0

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E-mail: ceres@ufv.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: rafaelgalbieri@imamt.org.br