Symptomatology associated with “Purple top”, an emerging disease of solanaceous fruit species

Viera, William; Viteri, Pablo; Cedeño, Diego; Garrido, Anita; Pachacama, Silvia; Gallo, Mónica

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202269060008

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Crop Production • Rev. Ceres 69 (6) • Nov-Dec 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202269060008 copy

Symptomatology associated with “Purple top”, an emerging disease of solanaceous fruit species

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

“Purple top” is an emerging disease that affects solanaceous crops, reported mainly on Solanum tuberosum (potato). Additionally, Bactericera cockerelli has been reported as the insect vector of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CaLso), a pathogen that has been associated with this disease. However, the information about this disease in Andean fruit species such as Solanum betaceum (tree tomato), S. quitoense (naranjilla) and Physalis peruviana (cape gooseberry) is almost nil. This study was carried out in the Tumbaco Experimental Farm of INIAP to describe the phenotypic symptoms caused by this disease. Molecular diagnosis by PCR method was carried out to diagnose the causal agent associated with the symptomatology. The main symptoms observed were purple color leaves, smaller apical leaves, inward curvature edge leaves, over-sprouting, yellowish and stopped plant growth; however there also were asymptomatic plants. P. peruviana was the most susceptible species because showed 100% of incidence. CaLso was identified as the causal agent associated with this disease. These results contribute to understanding the expression of this disease in Andean fruit crops. However, more studies related to epidemiology, diagnostic methods, mixed infections, vector-pathogen interaction and disease control are required in order to generate information that allows a complete knowledge of this pest.

Keywords
diagnosis; Physalis peruviana ; Solanum betaceum ; Solanum quitoense ; vector

Symptom Type^* * Symptoms can be observed independently in different plants into the same plot.	Scale	Figure
Tree tomato (Solanum betaceum)
Plants without symptoms (negative molecular diagnosis is required to fit in this value)	0	2 A
Reddish-pinkish apical leaves	1	2 H
Reddish-pinkish apical leaves and inward curvature edge	3	2 C
Presence of inter-rib yellowing	5	2 E, 2 F
Proliferation of apical shots and stopping of plant growth	7	2 G
Proliferation of apical shots (over-sprouting) and yellowing	9	2 I, 2 J
Solanum quitoense (Naranjilla) and relative species
Plants without symptoms (negative molecular diagnosis is required to fit in this value)	0	3A
Asymptomatic plant but positive result in molecular diagnosis	1	3 B
Inward curvature edge leaves and slight yellowing	3	3 C, 3 D
Presence of inter-rib yellowing	5	3 H
Severe inward curvature edge leaves and yellowish	7	3G
Oversprouting, size reduction and edge deformation of the apical leaves	9	3 E, 3 F
Uvilla (Physalis peruviana)
Plants without symptoms showing green leaves (negative molecular diagnosis is required to fit in this value)	0	4 A
Plants showing less than 50% of purple leaves	1	na
Plants showing more than 50% of purple leaves	3	4 B
Withered and dead plant	5	4 C

Crop	Symptomatology	Figure	Result
Solanum betaceum	Plant without symptoms	2 A	Negative
	Apical leaves with reddish-pinkish coloration	2 C, 2 D, 2 E	Positive
	Over-sprouting	2 G, 2 I, 2 J	Positive
	Plants showing severe virus symptoms (blistering and curling leaves)	2 K	Negative
Solanum quitoense	Plants without symptoms (asymptomatic)	3 A	Positive
S. quitoense x S. hirtum (hybrid)	Plant without symptoms	3 B	Positive
	Plants showing inward curvature edge leaves and inter-rib yellowing	3 G, 3 H	Positive
S. quitoense x S. hyporodium (hybrid)	Plants without symptoms^* * Figure not available but can be referenced with 3B (hybrid). and showing inward curvature or yellowing edge leaves	3 C, 3 D	Positive
Solanum hirtum	Over-sprouting	3 E, 3 F	Positive
Physalis peruviana	Leaves without symptoms (6 month old plant)	4 A	Negative
	Leaves with purple color (8 month old plant)	4 B	Positive
	Branch with leaves without symptoms^ Samples from the same plant.	4 D	Negative
	Branch with leaves showing purple coloration^ Samples from the same plant.	4 E	Positive
	Seedlings from nursery without symptoms (green leaves)	4 G	Negative
	Seedlings from nursery showing leaves with purple coloration	4 F	Negative

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E-mail: ceres@ufv.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: william.viera@iniap.gob.ec