Productivity and nutritive value of Tifton 85 bermudagrass inoculated with <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> in association with nitrogen fertilization

Silva, Aline Rodrigues; Olivo, Clair Jorge; Granada, Diego Martins; Casagrande, Lucas Giovane; Quatrin, Mauricio Pase; Sauter, Caroline Paim

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202370040007

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Crop Production • Rev. Ceres 70 (4) • Jul-Aug 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202370040007 copy

Productivity and nutritive value of Tifton 85 bermudagrass inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense in association with nitrogen fertilization¹

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Tifton 85 bermudagrass has been widely used in tropical and subtropical regions. Owing to its high forage yield, the fertilizer requirement of Tifton 85 is also high. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense is an alternative to reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizers and decrease their environmental impact. However, the effects of inoculation in tropical grasses remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the productivity, pasture characteristics, and nutritive value of Tifton 85 bermudagrass inoculated with A. brasilense in association with nitrogen fertilization. The study evaluated four nitrogen levels (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha^-1), inoculated and uninoculated, under cutting conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial arrangement, with two qualitative (inoculated with A. brasilense or uninoculated) and four quantitative levels (nitrogen doses) with three replications (24 plots). Botanical composition and morphological characteristics, leaf blade/stem+sheath ratio, nutritive value, and forage yield were evaluated. The inoculation increased the leaf blade/stem+sheath ratio and forage yield of Tifton 85, but did not affect crude protein concentration, neutral detergent fiber content, and total digestible nutrient content of the forage constituted by Tifton 85 leaf blades. The protein concentration and forage production corresponded linearly to the nitrogen dose increase.

Keywords
crude protein; Cynodon spp.; diazotrophic bacteria; forage yield; total digestible nutrients

Variables	Inoculation		N levels (kg ha^-1)				Means	CV (%)
Variables	Inoculation		0	100	200	300	Means	CV (%)
Forage mass (t DM ha^-1)	Ns		2.0^C	2.1^BC	2.4^B	2.7^A		13,9
		Upper stratum¹ 1 Cutting at 7 and 9 cm above the soil;
Forage mass (t DM ha^-1)	Ns		1.0^C	1.1^BC	1.3^AB	1.4^A	1.2	12.5
		Botanical composition (%)
Tifton 85	Ns		18.2^C	23.8^B	27.9^A	29.7^A	24.9	9.5
Other species³ 3 Spontaneous growth species. 5, 6, 6 e 7 cuts were made to 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg N ha-1, from December to May.	Ns		79.1^A	73.4^B	70.2^BC	68.0^C	72.7	7.8
Dead material	Ns		2.7^A	2.8^A	1.9^A	2.3^A	2.4	18.5
		Morphological composition Tifton 85 bermudagrass (%)
Leaf blead	No		50.6^Aa	51.1^Aa	50.3^Aa	50.5^Ab	50.6	8.0
Leaf blead	Yes		52.5^Aa	54.7^Aa	51.8^Aa	55.3^Aa	53.6	8.0
Stem+sheath	Ns		44.0^A	43.5^A	44.0^A	44.0^A	43.9	9.2
Senescent material	Ns		4.5^A	3.4^A	5.0^A	3.2^A	4.1	15.4
		Leaf blade/stem + sheath ratio Tifton 85 bermudagrass
	No		1.2^Aa	1.1^Ab	1.1^Aa	1.1^Ab	1.1	9.4
	Yes		1.2^Aa	1.4^Aa	1.2^Aa	1.4^Aa	1.3	9.4
		Lower stratum² 2 Cutting close at the soil level.
Forage mass (t DM ha^-1)	Ns		0.9^C	1.0^BC	1,1^B	1.3^A	1.1	13.4
		Botanical composition (%)
Tifton 85	No		11.1^Bb	16.5^Aa	20.0^Aa	18.0^Aa	16.4	12.3
Tifton 85	Yes		18.2^Aa	19.9^Aa	16.9^Aa	16.2^Aa	17.8	12.3
Other species³	Ns		76.3^A	71.8^AB	72.1^AB	69.9^B	72.5	10.3
Dead material	Ns		9.0^B	9.9^B	9.4^B	13.0^A	10.3	13.8
		Morphological composition Tifton 85 bermudagrass (%)
Leaf blead	Ns		34.1^A	32.2^A	35.3^A	34.0^A	33.9	9.6
Stem+sheath	Ns		50.5^B	55.4^A	51.5^AB	53.1^AB	52.6	10.1
Senescent material	Ns		15.3^A	12.3^A	13.2^A	14.0^A	13.6	14.2
		Leaf blade/stem + sheath ratio Tifton 85 bermudagrass
	Ns		0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	11.6

Variables	Inoculation	N levels (kg ha^-1)				Means	CV (%)
Variables	Inoculation	0	100	200	300	Means	CV (%)
Forage accumulation ratio (kg ha^-1 day^-1)	No	27,6^Db	35,5^Ca	40,0^Bb	46,1^Aa	37,3	2,5
Forage accumulation ratio (kg ha^-1 day^-1)	Yes	30,8^Da	38,2^Ca	43,7^Ba	47,5^Aa	40,0	2,5

Herbage yield (t DM ha^-1)	No	5,7^Db	7,3^Ca	8,2^Bb	10,8^Aa	8,0	2,5
Herbage yield (t DM ha^-1)	Yes	6,3^Da	7,8^Ca	9,0^Ba	11,1^Aa	8,6	2,5

Tifton 85 (t DM ha^-1)	No	1,4^Db	2,6^Ca	3,2^Ba	4,3^Aa	2,9	4,6
Tifton 85 (t DM ha^-1)	Yes	1,9^Da	2,8^Ca	3,2^Ba	4,4^Aa	3,1	4,6

Others species (t DM ha^-1)	No	3,9^Ca	4,6^Ba	4,8^Ba	6,6^Aa	5,0	3,8
Others species (t DM ha^-1)	Yes	3,3^Cb	4,5^Ba	4,7^Ba	5,9^Ab	4,6	3,8

Variables	Inoculation	N levels (kg ha^-1)				Means	CV (%)
Variables	Inoculation	0	100	200	300
CP (g/kg^-1 DM)	Ns	140^C	161^B	179^AB	191^A	168	3,1
NDF (g/kg^-1 DM)	Ns	697^A	680^A	684^A	673^A	684	3,3
TDN (g/kg^-1 DM)	Ns	547^A	552^A	554^A	557^A	552	1,69

Universidade Federal de Viçosa Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 31) 3612-2078 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: ceres@ufv.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: alininharodrigues.silva@gmail.com

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Productivity and nutritive value of Tifton 85 bermudagrass inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense in association with nitrogen fertilization1

ABSTRACT

Productivity and nutritive value of Tifton 85 bermudagrass inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense in association with nitrogen fertilization¹