Commercial productivity and quality of pitaya as a function of number of fruits per cladode

Santos, Núbia Cassiana; Cruz, Maria do Céu Monteiro; Alves, Deilson de Almeida; Lima, João Esdras; Guimarães, Amanda Gonçalves

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202370020005

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Crop Production • Rev. Ceres 70 (2) • Mar-Apr 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202370020005 copy

Commercial productivity and quality of pitaya as a function of number of fruits per cladode¹ 1 This work is part of the master’s thesis of the first author.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Increasing orchard productivity is among the main objectives of pitaya producers. However, the commercial productivity may reduce due to reduction of fruit size as a function of the high amount per plant. This study evaluated the influence of the number of fruit per cladode in commercial productivity and in quality of fruits of two pitaya species at different harvest times. The experiment was carried out in a six-year-old orchard formed by the species Selenicereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus. At each flowering time, the number of fruits set per cladode was counted and plants with two, four, five and six fruits per cladode were selected, and surplus fruits removed. The evaluations followed a split plot design over time, with the main plot as the number of fruit per cladode and the subplot as the harvest seasons: December, February and March, with four replicates and one plant per plot. Plants grown with two fruits per cladode presented the highest percentage of fruits with commercial size and commercial productivity. Both species showed fruits with commercial size in the first harvest of the cycle (December). S. undatus fruits classified as Class I and H. polyrhizus fruits classified as Extra and Class I showed the best quality.

Keywords
Selenicereus undatus ; Hylocereus polyrhizus ; fruit size; commercial yield

			Fruits number per plant
Class	Categories	Mass (g)	two		four		five		six
			1	2	1	2	1	2	1	2
			-----------------------------------%------------------------------------
Extra	A	> 701	0,7	0,4	0,0	0	0,0	0,0	0,0	0,0
	B	601 - 700	0,7	0,4	0,0	0	0,0	0,0	0,0	0,0
	C	501 - 600	1,9	0,7	4,4	0	0,0	0,7	1,2	0,0
Subtotal 1	-	-	3,3	1,5	4,4	0	0	0,7	1,2	0
I	D	401 - 500	3,7	2,9	4,4	1,1	1,1	1,7	4,8	0,0
I	E	301 - 400	4,8	7,9	6,4	10,1	10,1	5,1	17,5	1,8
Subtotal 2	-	--	8,5	10,5	10,8	11,2	11,2	6,8	22,3	1,8
II	F	251 - 300	12,1	8,0	11,3	7,1	7,1	10,2	9,6	4,7
	G	201 - 250	18,4	12,3	15,7	12,0	12,0	12,2	8,4	12,6
	H	151 - 200	21,3	21,7	17,6	23,6	23,6	17,3	18,7	18,1
Subtotal 3	-	-	51,8	42,0	44,6	42,7	42,7	39,7	36,7	35,4
without standard	I	110 - 150	19,9	20,0	14,2	19,5	19,5	16,5	12,7	27,1
without standard	SC^* * SC = unrated fruit; Total = total of evaluated fruits, on mean.	< 110	16,5	26,0	26,0	26,6	26,6	36,3	27,1	35,7
Subtotal 4	-	-	36,4	46,0	40,2	46,1	46,1	52,8	39,8	62,8
Total number	-	-	272	280	204	295	267	270	166	277

Fruits number per plant
² 2 NFC = number of fruits per cladode. NFC	Selenicereus undatus			Hylocereus polyrhizus
² 2 NFC = number of fruits per cladode. NFC	December	February	March	December	February	March
2	15 b	32a	21 b	19b	23 ab	28a
4	13 b	24a	17 ab	24b	22b	37a
5	18 b	21ab	25a	21b	21b	27a
6	10 b	22a	13ab	12b	19a	24a
Mean	14 b	24 a	19 b	13,8 c	21,2b	29,0a
CV(%)¹ 1 CV = coefficient of variation;	22,23			13,87
Frutis mass (g)
NFC	December	February	March	December	February	March
2	383,19a	231,75b	199,75b	283,25 a	197,35 b	184,87 b
4	315,25a	182,25b	198,25b	270,87 a	185,11 b	173,95 b
5	225,85a	135,75b	154,75b	250,47 a	156,35 b	153,35 b
6	347,10a	135,75b	160,75b	230,81 a	166,71 b	148,35 b
Mean	317,8a	171,6b	178,9b	258,85a	176,37b	165,13b
CV(%)	16,78			7,87
Transverse diameter (mm)
NFC	December	February	March	December	February	March
2	80,75a	71,25b	65,75b	76,37a	70,85b	64,75b
4	75,50a	65,00b	66,00b	72,15a	67,15b	63,97b
5	71,00a	58,50b	54,50b	70,73a	64,50 b	62,42a
6	81,25a	56,75b	59,50b	69,85a	65,27b	61,72b
Mean	77,12 a	62,87 b	61,43b	72,3a	66,4b	63,2 b
CV(%)	6,02			3,25
Longitudinal diameter (mm)
NFC	December	February	March	December	February	March
2	88,10 a	79,25ab	74,25 b	74,97a	68,57b	65,22b
4	80,75a	70,75b	74,75 ab	70,35a	65,42b	64,10b
5	77,50a	65,10b	66,75 b	69,52a	66,65b	64,32b
6	89,50a	64,25c	73,25 b	68,55a	67,18b	63,72b
Mean	83,93a	69,81b	72,25b	70,8a	66,9 b	64,3 b
CV(%)	6,67			4,54

Variables	S. undatus			H. polyrhizus
Variables	Equation	R²	Value	Equation	R²	Value
Total number of fruits per plant	Ŷ = 58,0^ns ns = not significant;	-	58,0	Ŷ = 70,0^ns ns = not significant;	-	70,0
Total production per plant (kg plant^-1)	Ŷ = 10,5^ns ns = not significant;	-	10,5	Ŷ = 10,9^ns ns = not significant;	-	10,9
Total productivity (t ha^-1)	Ŷ = 11,7^ns ns = not significant;	-	11,7	Ŷ = 12,1^ns ns = not significant;	-	12,1
Number of commercial fruits	Ŷ = 43,864 ± 2,464x^* * = significant, at 5%;	81,3	29,1	Ŷ = 38,138 ± 1,939x^ = significant, at 1%.	84,9	26,5
Commercial production per plant (kg plant^-1)	Ŷ = 11,64 ± 0,912x^ = significant, at 1%.	96,6	6,2	Ŷ = 9,66 ± 0,797x^ = significant, at 1%.	88,5	4,9
Commercial productivity (t ha^-1)	Ŷ = 12,935 ± 1,013x^ = significant, at 1%.	96,6	6,9	Ŷ = 10,737 ± 0,885x^ = significant, at 1%.	88,6	5,4

Class		Soluble solids (° Brix)			Titratable acidity (% malic acid)			Ratio (SS/ TA)
	Categories	December	February	March	December	February	March	December	February	March
Extra	A	15,2 c	15,8 b	14,5 c	0,31 a	0,30 ab	0,31 b	49,1 b	52,7 a	46,7 c
	B	16,1 b	16,8 ab	17,5 ab	0,32 a	0,30 ab	0,32 b	50,3 b	56,1 a	54,7 b
	C	17,5 a	17,3 a	17,1 ab	0,32 a	0,31 ab	0,26 c	54,7 b	55,8 a	65,7 a
I	D	17,1 a	16,8 ab	17,0 ab	0,26 b	0,30 ab	0,28 bc	65,7 a	56,1 a	60,7 a
I	E	17,5 a	16,7 ab	18,1 a	0,26 b	0,29 b	0,29 bc	67,3 a	57,6 a	62,2 a
II	F	16,4 b	17,3 a	16,4 ab	0,26 b	0,29 b	0,28 bc	63,1 a	59,7 a	58,6 a
	G	16,8 ab	17,3 a	16,6 ab	0,26 b	0,30 ab	0,34 a	64,6 a	57,7 a	48,8 c
	H	15,1 c	17,2 a	16,5 ab	0,29 ab	0,32 a	0,32 a	52,1 b	53,7 a	51,1 b
No commercial standard	I	13,1 d	16,5 b	15,1 bc	0,31 a	0,34 a	0,34 a	42,2 c	48,7 b	44,1 d
No commercial standard	SC	13,4 d	14,3 c	15,1 bc	0,33 a	0,36 a	0,36 a	40,6 c	39,7 c	41,6 d
Mean	-	15,7 c	16,6 a	16,3 b	0,29 c	0,31 b	0,34 a	54,8 a	53,8 a	53,5 b
CV 1 (%)	-	1,33			5,36			3,19
CV 2 (%)	-	3,18			6,79			6,84

Class	Categories	Soluble solids (° Brix)			Titratable acidity (% malic acid)			Ratio (SS/TA)
Class	Categories	December	February	March	December	February	March	December	February	March
Extra	A	19,9 a	20,5 b	19,9 b	0,19 d	0,21 c	0,19 d	104,7 a	97,7 ab	104, a
	B	21,3 a	22,3 a	21,3 a	0,20 d	0,21 c	0,21 d	106,8 a	106,5 a	101,6 a
	C	21,2 a	21,7 ab	21,2 a	0,19 d	0,21 c	0,21 d	111,6 a	103,3 a	101,0 a
I	D	21,2 a	22,1 a	21,2 a	0,22 c	0,21 c	0,22 d	96,4 b	105,2 a	96,4 a
I	E	21,2 a	20,5 b	19,5 b	0,21 c	0,29 ab	0,29 b	104,3 a	70,7 bc	67,2 b
II	F	19,7 b	20,9 b	20,0 b	0,26 b	0,26 b	0,29 b	75,8 c	80,4 b	69,1 b
	G	19,8 b	20,5 b	18,2 c	0,30 a	0,30 a	0,26 c	66,1 c	68,3 c	70,1 b
	H	18,7 c	21,2 b	19,5 b	0,28 ab	0,30 a	0,31 a	66,8 c	70,7 bc	62,9 b
No commercial standard	I	17,6 d	17,5 c	16,5 e	0,31 a	0,32 a	0,32 a	56,8 d	54,7 d	51,6 c
No commercial standard	SC	16,5 e	17,5 c	17,5 d	0,31 a	0,32 a	0,30 a	53,2 d	54,7 d	58,3 c
Mean		19,7 b	20,5 a	19,4 b	0,25 a	0,26 a	0,26 a	83,6 a	81,2 a	77,7 b
CV 1 (%)		1,34			1,77			3,98
CV 2 (%)		1,55			3,66			5,38

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[1] *Corresponding author: nubiac.santos@yahoo.com.br

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Commercial productivity and quality of pitaya as a function of number of fruits per cladode1 1 This work is part of the master’s thesis of the first author.

ABSTRACT

Commercial productivity and quality of pitaya as a function of number of fruits per cladode¹ 1 This work is part of the master’s thesis of the first author.