Interactions between green manure and rock phosphate on corn production in family farms

Leite, Marcelo Henrique Siqueira; Couto, Eduardo Guimarães; Blesh, Jennifer Marie; Cremon, Cassiano; Mapeli, Nilbe Carla

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202269050004

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Crop Production • Rev. Ceres 69 (5) • Sep-Oct 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202269050004 copy

Interactions between green manure and rock phosphate on corn production in family farms¹ 1 This work is part of the Doctoral Thesis of the first author.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to analyze whether the use of green manures in association with rock phosphate rates can guarantee corn yields to family farmers. An experiment was conducted with six types of green manures: Mucuna cinereum, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Cajanus cajan, Pennisetum glaucum and a weedy fallow control treatment; and three rates of phosphorus (0, 50 and 100 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1) in a complete randomized block design. The management with Crotalaria juncea achieved the highest dry mass yield (39.3 Mg ha^-1) and in year 2 (2016), with the water deficit during the corn cultivation, led to an increase of the root/shoot mass ratio, as well as presented the lowest water deficit sensitivity index (Ky), indicating that it can be an alternative for managing climate change. The highest corn yield (7510 kg ha^-1) was obtained in the management with the Crotalaria ochroleuca, which defines it as a technically and economically viable alternative for family farming, with corn yield exceeding the average yield of the State of Mato Grosso and production cost lower than the average production cost of corn in the State of Mato Grosso.

Keywords
dry mass; food production; legumes; sustainability

Depth	pH H₂O	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	K⁺	Al³⁺	H⁺	T	Org. M.	V	m	P	S	Zn	Cu	Mn	B	Sand	Silt	Clay
(m)		(cmol_c dm^-3)						(g kg^-1)	(%)		(mg dm^-3)						(g kg^-1)
0–0.2	6.1	2.0	0.6	0.2	0.1	3.5	6.4	15.01	56.8	2.1	37.9	7.3	17.5	2.5	130.3	0.43	797	107	96
0.2–0.4	6.5	2.6	0.8	0.1	0.2	2.1	5.8	7.72	60.1	5.4	26.2	9.3	5.2	2.2	114.6	0.25	809	106	85

Determinations	Units	Results
pH in 0.01 M CaCl₂ (1:5)		7.30
Ratio C/N (total C/total N)		56/1
Total Organic Matter (combustion)	% (w/w)	5.44
Total Carbon (organic and mineral)		3.16
Organic Carbon		2.96
Total Nitrogen		0.06
Total Phosphorus (P₂0₅)		25.54
Phosphorus – P₂O₅(citric acid 2%)		15.50
Total Potassium (K₂O)		0.30
Total Calcium (Ca)		37.20
Total Magnesium (Mg)		0.38
Total Sulfur (S)		2.60
Total Zinc (Zn)	(mg kg^-1)	110.40
Total Copper (Cu)		14.40
Total Manganese (Mn)		48.20
Total Boron (B)		86.80
Total Iron (Fe)		5640
CEC (cation exchange capacity)	(cmol_c kg^-1)	48

Month	Stages of development of the corn^* * Fancelli, 1986, adapted from Nel & Smit, 1978	Rainfall (mm) Year 1 (2015)	Rainfall (mm) Year 2 (2016)
	Total Rainfall	214.4	128.4
March	0 (emergence seeding)	12.8	0.2
March	1 (plant with 4 leaves fully grown)	27.0	32.6
April	2 (plant with 8 leaves)	40.0	24.0
April	3 (plant with 12 leaves)	81.6	4.2
May	4 (emission of the tassel)	22.0	18.8
May	5 (flowering and pollination)	17.0	3.0
May	6 (milky grains)	12.8	15.8
June	7 (pasty grains)	0.0	28.4
June	8 (beginning of tooth formation)	0.0	0.8
July	9 (hard grains)	0.4	0.6
July	10 (physiologically mature grains)	0.8	0.0

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E-mail: ceres@ufv.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: sleitebrum@gmail.com

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Interactions between green manure and rock phosphate on corn production in family farms1 1 This work is part of the Doctoral Thesis of the first author.

ABSTRACT

Interactions between green manure and rock phosphate on corn production in family farms¹ 1 This work is part of the Doctoral Thesis of the first author.