Salicylic acid relieves salt stress damage on basil growth

Silva, Toshik Iarley da; Lopes, Adriano Salviano; Dias, Marlon Gomes; Gonçalves, Anderson Carlos Melo; Melo Filho, José Sebastião de; Dias, Thiago Jardelino

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202370040008

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Crop Production • Rev. Ceres 70 (4) • Jul-Aug 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202370040008 copy

Salicylic acid relieves salt stress damage on basil growth

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Salinity is one of the main challenges in agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Salicylic acid application may be a strategy to mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress on plant growth. Basil (Ocimum basilicum ) is a medicinal, spice, and ornamental plant grown around the world that has its growth reduced by salt stress. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate salicylic acid in mitigating the damage caused by salt stress in ‘Cinnamon’ basil. Growth was evaluated at 90 days after the start of irrigation with saline water. Salicylic acid application attenuates the harmful effects of salt stress on the number of leaves, number of inflorescences, leaf dry mass, inflorescence dry mass, root dry mass, seed mass, leaf area, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf mass ratio, root mass ratio, inflorescence mass ratio, Dickson quality index, sclerophilia index, robustness quotient and shoot root ratio. Salt stress decreased plant height, stem diameter, stem dry mass, and stem mass ratio of basil ‘Cinnamon’. Salicylic acid can be used to lessen the harmful effects of salt stress on basil ‘Cinnamon’.

Keywords
Ocimum basilicum ; salinity of irrigation water; phytohormone

Levels		Dose
ECw	SA	ECw	SA
-1	-1	1.30	0.29
-1	1	1.30	1.71
1	-1	5.20	0.29
1	1	5.20	1.71
- α	0	0.50	1.00
α	0	6.00	1.00
0	α	3.25	2.00
0	- α	3.25	0.00
0	0	3.25	1.00

ECw (dS m^-1)	Salicylic acid (mM)
ECw (dS m^-1)	0.00	0.29	1.00	1.71	2.00
	Plant height (cm)
0.50			102.26 ± 2.27
1.30		89.08 ± 1.37		92.62 ± 2.62
3.25	83.92 ± 0.92		84.48 ± 1.34		91.76 ± 0.79
5.20		74.82 ± 1.61		77.7 ± 4.06
6.00			70.64 ± 5.08
	Stem diameter (mm)
0.50			8.42 ± 0.07
1.30		8.79 ± 0.15		7.762 ± 0.14
3.25	7.054 ± 0.11		7.112 ± 0.12		8.037 ± 0.19
5.20		6.686 ± 0.14		5.726 ± 0.07
6.00			5.19 ± 0.11
	Number of leaves
0.50			576.8 ± 18.13
1.30		545.4 ± 13.04		636.4 ± 7.23
3.25	431.0 ± 10.95		445.2 ± 22.49		431.2 ± 12.93
5.20		307.8 ± 4.58		295.0 ± 12.93
6.00			310.0 ± 14.25
	Number of inflorescences
0.50			81.4 ± 6.56
1.30		90.2 ± 5.19		99.6 ± 3.72
3.25	89.4 ± 6.18		85.4 ± 7.39		91.7 ± 3.57
5.20		87.6 ± 6.05		79.8 ± 8.84
6.00			59.0 ± 5.09
	Stem dry mass (g)
0.50			23.42 ± 0.44
1.30		24.13 ± 0.76		22.21 ± 2.24
3.25	18.18 ± 1.48		20.35 ± 1.78		18.08 ± 0.53
5.20		12.19 ± 0.43		11.61 ± 0.61
6.00			7.72 ± 0.59
	Leaf dry mass (g)
0.50			15.02 ± 0.84
1.30		11.97 ± 0.81		9.69 ± 0.89
3.25	10.88 ± 0.51		6.79 ± 0.52		8.91 ± 0.61
5.20		4.41 ± 0.40		4.39 ± 0.38
6.00
	Inflorescence dry mass (g)
0.50
1.30		31.39 ± 1.26		36.52 ± 2.01
3.25	28.47 ± 1.81		28.48 ± 1.71		29.33 ± 1.29
5.20		23.36 ± 0.85		22.622 ± 1.32
6.00			20.63 ± 1.09
	Root dry mass (g)
0.50			5.50 ± 0.28
1.30		4.84 ± 0.25		3.53 ± 0.31
3.25	3.12 ± 1.23		3.33 ± 0.41		4.38 ± 0.24
5.20		1.28 ± 0.14		1.57 ± 0.27
6.00			1.21 ± 0.13
	Seed mass (g)
0.50			11.89 ± 0.32
1.30		8.44 ± 0.85		8.25 ± 1.04
3.25	7.79 ± 0.37		8.49 ± 0.28		6.42 ± 0.20
5.20		4.69 ± 0.25		5.90 ± 0.35
6.00			4.96 ± 0.40
	Leaf area (cm²)
0.50			2293.64 ± 72.08
1.30		2168.78 ± 51.88		2530.64 ± 28.74
3.25	1713.87 ± 43.56		1770.34 ± 89.43		1714.67 ± 20.65
5.20		1223.97 ± 18.21		1173.07 ± 51.42
6.00			1232.72 ± 56.68
	Leaf area ratio (cm² g^-1)
0.50			28.45 ± 0.89
1.30		29.98 ± 1.48		35.29 ± 2.22
3.25	28.35 ± 1.59		30.05 ± 1.58		28.28 ± 1.06
5.20		29.69 ± 0.62		29.20 ± 1.19
6.00			37.12 ± 1.97
	Specific leaf area (cm² g^-1)
0.50			153.01 ± 6.71
1.30		182.27 ± 16.20		263.18 ± 23.58
3.25	157.98 ± 10.13		262.88 ± 32.43		193.53 ± 15.75
5.20		279.65 ± 25.07		268.85 ± 22.86
6.00			334.65±14.36
	Leaf mass ratio (g g^-1)
0.50			0.186 ± 0.009
1.30		0.165 ± 0.011		0.134 ± 0.009
3.25	0.179 ± 0.011		0.116 ± 0.011		0.147 ± 0.006
5.20		0.107 ± 0.008		0.109 ± 0.011
6.00			0.111 ± 0.002
	Stem mass ratio (g g^-1)
0.50			0.29 ± 0.005
1.30		0.333 ± 0.011		0.308 ± 0.022
3.25	0.299 ± 0.009		0.345 ± 0.024		0.298 ± 0.015
5.20		0.295 ± 0.013		0.289 ± 0.017
6.00			0.232 ± 0.015
	Root mass ratio (g g^-1)
0.50			0.068 ± 0.003
1.30		0.067 ± 0.004		0.049 ± 0.002
3.25	0.051 ± 0.016		0.056 ± 0.006		0.072 ± 0.002
5.20		0.031 ± 0.003		0.039 ± 0.006
6.00			0.036 ± 0.005
	Inflorescence mass ratio (g g^-1)
0.50			0.455 ± 0.008
1.30		0.434 ± 0.013		0.508 ± 0.015
3.25	0.469 ± 0.023		0.483 ± 0.016		0.483 ± 0.008
5.20		0.566 ± 0.015		0.563 ± 0.022
6.00			0.620 ± 0.014
	Dickson quality index
0.50			3.124 ± 0.112
1.30		3.002 ± 0.109		2.295 ± 0.172
3.25	1.955 ± 0.498		2.054 ± 0.170		2.498 ± 0.118
5.20		0.969 ± 0.083		1.047 ± 0.135
6.00			0.825 ± 0.050
	Sclerophilia index
0.50			0.0065 ± 0.0003
1.30		0.0055 ± 0.0004		0.0038 ± 0.0003
3.25	0.0063 ± 0.0004		0.0038 ± 0.0005		0.00512 ± 0.0004
5.20		0.0036 ± 0.0003		0.0037 ± 0.0003
6.00			0.0029 ± 0.0001
	Robustness quotient
0.50			12.14 ± 0.24
1.30		10.14 ± 0.31		11.94 ± 0.52
3.25	11.90 ± 0.31		11.88 ± 0.22		11.42 ± 0.19
5.20		11.19 ± 0.11		13.57 ± 0.66
6.00			13.61 ± 0.93
	Root/shoot ratio
0.50			0.0732 ± 0.0039
1.30		0.0723 ± 0.0043		0.0514 ± 0.0027
3.25	0.0537 ± 0.0189		0.0598 ± 0.0071		0.0776 ± 0.0027
5.20		0.0319 ± 0.0032		0.0405 ± 0.0063
6.00			0.0380 ± 0.0058

SV	DF	Mean square
SV	DF	PH	Ds	NL	Ninf	SDM
Block	1	2.3000^ns	0.0120^ns	59.0000^ns	29.4700^ns	2.68^ns
ECw	1	3411.0000^**	47.3860^**	571920^**	1826.91^**	1251.85^**
SA	1	191.4000^**	0.2290^**	3865^**	347.84^**	12.65^**
ECw x SA	1	0.5000^ns	0.0060^ns	13468^**	369.80^**	2.24^ns
Residuals	35	8.80	0.0160	226.00	46.34	1.68
SV	DF	LDM	IDM	RDM	SM	LA
Block	1	0.000001^ns	2.26^ns	1.3460^ns	0.1900^ns	936^ns
ECw	1	521.36^**	1245.49^**	92.8270^**	157.8240^**	9043512^**
SA	1	16.11^**	19.65^**	0.6170^ns	12.7970^**	61121^**
ECw x SA	1	6.35^**	43.01^**	6.0720^**	2.4740^**	212964^**
Residuals	35	0.48	2.44	0.57	0.35	3577
SV	DF	LAR	SLA	LMR	SMR	RMR
Block	1	1.972^ns	262^ns	0.0002^ns	0.000013^ns	0.0002^ns
ECw	1	23.1720^**	80866^**	0.0224^**	0.0118^**	0.0059^**
SA	1	13.4350^*	9063^**	0.0037^**	0.0036^**	0.0004^*
ECw x SA	1	45.6060^**	10514^**	0.0013^**	0.0003^ns	0.0014^**
Residuals	35	2.3560	510.00	0.0001	0.0003	9.9E-5
SV	DF	IMR	DQI	SI	RQ	RSR
Block	1	0.000015^ns	0.1670^ns	5.10E-8^ns	0.0225^ns	0.0002^ns
ECw	1	0.1126^**	27.9627^**	3.09E-5^**	14.1225^**	0.0075^**
SA	1	0.0047^**	0.0569^ns	6.33E-6^**	7.6866^**	0.0004^ns
ECw x SA	1	0.0082^**	1.1110^**	4.23E-6^**	0.4143^ns	0.0018^**
Residuals	35	0.0003	0.0670	1.66E-7	0.2734	0.0001

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E-mail: ceres@ufv.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: iarley.toshik@gmail.com