Alternative method of sowing canola hybrids using adhesive tape

Canola, which has tiny oil-producing seeds, requires care during planting, so that there is an ideal number of plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate alternative method of sowing using adhesive tape and the influence it has on the emergence and vigor of the seedlings of different canola hybrids and define the best positioning of the adhesive tape for the formation of the experimental field. The study was carried out at the Seed Laboratory at the Universidade Federal de Goiás. The tests were conducted with hybrid canola seeds (Hyola: 50, 61, 433, 571CL and 575CL). The seed characterization was performed in terms of physiological quality. They were then sown: without adhesive tape; seeds arranged on adhesive tape with the tape facing down, sideways and up, with a completely randomized experimental design, in a 5x4 factorial scheme. The evaluations were performed: emergence, speed of emergence index and first seedling emergence count in sand. The use of the adhesive tape did not interfere in the emergence of canola hybrids seedlings, with the Hyola 571CL characterized as having the best performance while the Hyola 50 and 61 had inferior performances.

Keywords:
Brassica napus L. var oleifera; emergence; experimental field; vigor.

Authorship

Raissa Macedo Assis ^** Corresponding author: rmacedoassis@gmail.com

Universidade Federal de Goiás, Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Ciências Agrárias, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil. rmacedoassis@gmail.com; carlagomesmachado@gmail.com; simerio_cruz@yahoo.com.br; givanildozildo@gmail.com; magno_vb@hotmail.com; ingridm_hungria@hotmail.com Universidade Federal de GoiásBrazilJataí, Goiás, Brazil Universidade Federal de Goiás, Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Ciências Agrárias, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil. rmacedoassis@gmail.com; carlagomesmachado@gmail.com; simerio_cruz@yahoo.com.br; givanildozildo@gmail.com; magno_vb@hotmail.com; ingridm_hungria@hotmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4281-6994

Carla Gomes Machado

Simério Carlos Silva Cruz

Givanildo Zildo da Siva

Magno Gonçalves Braz

Ingrid Maressa Hungria de Lima e Silva

^* Corresponding author: rmacedoassis@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (7)

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Figure 1:
Alternative sowing method for five canola seed hybrids.

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Table 1:
Moisture content (MC), mass of one thousand seeds (MTS), germination (G), abnormal seedlings (AS), dead seeds (DS), first germination count (FGC), electrical conductivity (EC), accelerated aging (AE) and moisture content after aging (MCA) of five canola hybrids¹

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Table 2:
Summary of the analysis of variance (Mean squares) of the data obtained in the emergence (E), first emergence count (FEC), speed of emergence index (SEI), abnormal seedlings (AS) and dead seeds (DS) of five canola hybrids using an alternative sowing method

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Table 3:
Emergence (%) of Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL and Hyola 50 canola hybrids using an alternative sowing method

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Table 4:
Abnormal seedlings (%) of Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL and Hyola 50 canola hybrids using an alternative sowing method

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Table 5:
First emergence count (%) of Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL and Hyola 50 canola hybrids using an alternative sowing method

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Table 6:
Speed of emergence index of Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL and Hyola 50 canola hybrids using an alternative sowing method

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Table 7:
Dead seeds (%) of canola hybrids Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL and Hyola 50

Figure 1: Alternative sowing method for five canola seed hybrids.

Table 1: Moisture content (MC), mass of one thousand seeds (MTS), germination (G), abnormal seedlings (AS), dead seeds (DS), first germination count (FGC), electrical conductivity (EC), accelerated aging (AE) and moisture content after aging (MCA) of five canola hybrids¹

Hybrids (Hyola)	MC (%)	MTS (g)	G (%)	AS² (%)	DS² (%)	FGC (%)	EC ((Scm^-1 g^-1)	AE (%)	MCA (%)
50	7.0	7.49 a	92 b	3b	5 b	63 c	172.3 bc	64 ab	24.2
61	7.2	5.33 c	81 c	7c	12 c	60 cd	226.0 d	48 b	22.6
433	7.3	7.39 a	91 b	3b	6 b	50 d	146.0 b	68 ab	20.6
571 CL	6.7	5.45 c	99 a	0a	1 a	96 a	94.2 a	77 a	23.5
575 CL	6.8	6.34 b	90 b	4b	6 b	79 b	183.8 c	72 a	18.7
F	-	375.2^**	26.1^**	20.8^**	21.3^**	41.2^**	39.7^**	5.3^**	-
CV(%)	-	1.65	2.82	13.61	13.79	8.08	9.41	14.61	-

¹
Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ statistically from each other according to the Tukey test at 0.01 probability. ²The statistical procedure was performed with the data transformed into (x + 1)^1/2 and the means presented are from the original data. CV: coefficient of variation.

Table 2: Summary of the analysis of variance (Mean squares) of the data obtained in the emergence (E), first emergence count (FEC), speed of emergence index (SEI), abnormal seedlings (AS) and dead seeds (DS) of five canola hybrids using an alternative sowing method

Source of variation	Degrees of freedom	E	FEC	SEI	AS	DS
Hybrid (H)	4	18.2^**	74.7^**	64.4^**	7.6^**	21.3^**
Treatment (T)	3	0.5^ns	14.4^**	15.8^**	8.0^**	2.1^ns
H x T	12	1.3^ns	2.5^**	3.0^**	3.3^**	1.64^ns
CV (%)		9.04	16.55	10.74	41.38	45.55

**, ^ns: significant at 1% probability (p < 0,01) and not important (p > = 0,05) by F test, respectively. CV: coefficient of variation.

Table 3: Emergence (%) of Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL and Hyola 50 canola hybrids using an alternative sowing method

Hybrids	Emergence (%)
Hyola 433	81 b
Hyola 61	76 bc
Hyola 571CL	92 a
Hyola 575CL	77 bc
Hyola 50	72 c

Means followed by the same letter do not differ statistically from each other according to the Tukey test at 0.01 probability.

Table 4: Abnormal seedlings (%) of Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL and Hyola 50 canola hybrids using an alternative sowing method

Hybrids	Sowing method
	Control	Down	Side	Up
	Abnormal seedlings (%)
Hyola 433	7 abA	8 aA	6 aA	11 bcA
Hyola 61	12 bA	14 abA	12 abA	18 cA
Hyola 571CL	3 aA	17 bB	5 aA	3 aA
Hyola 575CL	7 abA	13 abA	8 abA	11 bcA
Hyola 50	7 abA	15 abB	14 bB	7 abA

Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and upper case in the row do not differ statistically from each other according to the Tukey test at 1% probability.

Table 5: First emergence count (%) of Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL and Hyola 50 canola hybrids using an alternative sowing method

Hybrids	Sowing method
	Control	Down	Side	Up
	First emergence count (%)
Hyola 433	74 abAB	59 aB	80 aA	74 aAB
Hyola 61	60 bA	52 aA	49 bA	49 bA
Hyola 571CL	91 aA	47 aC	72 aB	82 aAB
Hyola 575CL	72 abA	59 aA	71 aA	73 aA
Hyola 50	25 cA	15 bA	26 cA	31 bA

Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and upper case in the row do not differ statistically from each other according to the Tukey test at 1% probability.

Table 6: Speed of emergence index of Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL and Hyola 50 canola hybrids using an alternative sowing method

Hybrids	Sowing method
	Control	Down	Side	Up
	Speed of emergence index
Hyola 433	10.55 bcA	8.55 aB	10.66 aA	10.08 aAB
Hyola 61	8.82 cA	8.15 aA	7.92 bA	8.00 bA
Hyola 571CL	12.52 aA	7.80 aC	9.89 aB	11.09 aAB
Hyola 575CL	11.07 abA	8.99 aB	11.36 aA	11.17 aA
Hyola 50	5.97 dA	5.58 bA	5.99 bA	6.29 bA

Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and upper case in the row do not differ statistically from each other according to the Tukey test at 1% probability.

Table 7: Dead seeds (%) of canola hybrids Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL and Hyola 50

Hybrids	Dead seeds (%)
Hyola 433	2 a
Hyola 61	12 bc
Hyola 571CL	13 bc
Hyola 575CL	17 c
Hyola 50	11 b

Means followed by the same letter do not differ statistically from each other according to the Tukey test at 1% probability.

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