Micropropagation of Physalis species with economic potential

The objective of this work was to evaluate asepsis protocols, composition and concentration of culture media in the in vitro establishment of three physalis species. In experiment I, seeds of 3 species were used x 3 asepsis protocols. In experiment II, 3 culture media and explants 3 species were used. In experiment III, explants of 2 species x 4 concentrations of MS culture medium were used. In experiment IV, explants of 2 species x 4 sucrose concentrations were used. For experiments II, III and IV after 30 days were evaluated some phytotechnical parameters. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 x 3 (experiments I and II) and 2 x 4 (experiments III and IV) factorial scheme. Protocols II and III were appropriate for P. peruviana germination, and I and III for P. minima, the three protocols were efficient for controlling fungi and bacteria. The MS is the most suitable for the in vitro establishment of three species. The culture medium at 100% concentration obtained better values in the in vitro development parameters evaluated for the species P. peruviana and P. minima. Sucrose concentrations close to 50 and 20 g L-1 favored the establishment of P. peruviana and P. minima.

Keywords:
Physalis sp.; in vitro culture; asepsis; culture media; sucrose.

Authorship

Luciana Sabini Da Silva

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (PPGA), Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil. fvilla2003@hotmail.com; luciana.sabini@hotmail.com; daniel_eafi@yahoo.com.br; edvan_costa@outlook.com; rittergio@hotmail.com; tatiane_eberling@hotmail.comUniversidade Estadual do Oeste do ParanáBrazilMarechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (PPGA), Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil. fvilla2003@hotmail.com; luciana.sabini@hotmail.com; daniel_eafi@yahoo.com.br; edvan_costa@outlook.com; rittergio@hotmail.com; tatiane_eberling@hotmail.com

Fabíola Villa ^**Corresponding author: fvilla2003@hotmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3739-5160

Daniel Fernandes Da Silva

Edvan Costa Da Silva

Giovana Ritter

Tatiane Eberling

*Corresponding author: fvilla2003@hotmail.com

There are no conflicts of interest.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (2)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1:
Number of regenerated plantlets [A], number of sprout [B], seedling length (cm) [C], number of leaves [D], length of largest root (cm) [E], number of roots [F], fresh seedling biomass (g) [G], dry seedling biomass (g) [H], as a function of sucrose concentration (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 g L^-1).

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Figure 2:
Shoot number [A], seedling length (cm) [B], number of leaves [C], length of largest root (cm) [D], number of roots [E], fresh seedling biomass (g) [F], dry seedling biomass (g) [G], depending on the concentration of MS culture medium (0, 50, 75 and 100%).

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Table 1:
Germination (%) in vitro seeds of physalis species (Physalis peruviana, P. ixocarpa and P. minima), fungal contamination (%) and bacterial contamination (%) in three asepsis protocols

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Table 2:
Number of regenerated plantlets (NPR), number of sprouts (NB), number of leaves (NF) and length of plantlets (CP) of physalis species, in culture media

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Table 3:
Number of roots and dry biomass of the area (g) for physalis species and culture media

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Table 4:
Number of plantlets regenerated for physalis species

Figure 1: Number of regenerated plantlets [A], number of sprout [B], seedling length (cm) [C], number of leaves [D], length of largest root (cm) [E], number of roots [F], fresh seedling biomass (g) [G], dry seedling biomass (g) [H], as a function of sucrose concentration (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 g L^-1).

Figure 2: Shoot number [A], seedling length (cm) [B], number of leaves [C], length of largest root (cm) [D], number of roots [E], fresh seedling biomass (g) [F], dry seedling biomass (g) [G], depending on the concentration of MS culture medium (0, 50, 75 and 100%).

Table 1: Germination (%) in vitro seeds of physalis species (Physalis peruviana, P. ixocarpa and P. minima), fungal contamination (%) and bacterial contamination (%) in three asepsis protocols

Protocols asepsis	In vitro seed germination (%) **
Protocols asepsis	Species of Physalis
	P. peruviana	P. ixocarpa	P. minima
I	44,0 bB^*	52,0 ^ns	88,0 aA
II	72,0 a	36,0 ^ns	40,0 b
III	88,0 aA	32,0 ^ns	100,0 aA
CV(%)	22,57
Fungal contamination (%) **
I	5,0 ^ns	15,0 ^ns	30,2 ^ns
II	15,0 ^ns	5,0 ^ns	31,0 ^ns
III	5,0 ^ns	38,0 ^ns	8,0 ^ns
CV(%)	40,48
Bacterial contamination (%) **
I	2,45 ^ns	2,88 ^ns	2,59 ^ns
II	2,45 ^ns	2,45 ^ns	2,45 ^ns
III	2,45 ^ns	2,45 ^ns	2,88 ^ns
CV(%)	23,54
Total contamination (%)
I	3,32 ^ns	4,63 ^ns	5,23 ^ns
II	4,37 ^ns	3,32 ^ns	5,41 ^ns
III	3,32 ^ns	6,16 ^ns	3,93 ^ns
CV(%)	38,59

*Lower case letters differ statistically from each other in the column and upper case letters from the line, using the Tukey test, at 5% probability of error. ns = not significant. **Data transformed to square root of x + 1.

Table 2: Number of regenerated plantlets (NPR), number of sprouts (NB), number of leaves (NF) and length of plantlets (CP) of physalis species, in culture media

Physalis species	Culture medium
	Knudson	MS	WPM
	Number of regenerated plants
Physalis peruviana	4,20 aA*	5,00 aA	5,00 aA
Physalis ixocarpa	0,01 bB	5,00 aA	0,01 bB
Physalis minima	0,80 bB	4,20 aA	4,40 aA
CV(%)	16,71
Number of shoots **
Physalis peruviana	1,17 abAB	1,33 bA	1,04 bB
Physalis ixocarpa	1,00 bB	1,68 aA	1,00 bB
Physalis minima	1,20 aB	1,53 aA	1,41 aA
CV(%)	10,03
Number of sheets **
Physalis peruviana	1,84 aB	2,41 bA	1,76 bB
Physalis ixocarpa	1,00 bB	2,99 aA	1,00 aB
Physalis minima	1,64 aC	3,03 aA	2,19 aB
CV(%)	16,70
Seedling length (cm) **
Physalis peruviana	2,07 aB	3,17 aA	2,01 aB
Physalis ixocarpa	1,00 cB	2,55 bA	1,00 bB
Physalis minima	1,47 bC	2,89 abA	2,13 aB
CV(%)	14,12
Length of the largest root (cm) **
Physalis peruviana	1,29 ns	2,88 aA	1,10 ns
Physalis ixocarpa	1,00 ns	1,43 c	1,00 ns
Physalis minima	1,23 ns	2,07 bA	1,22 ns
CV(%)	23,08
Fresh seedling biomass (g)
Physalis peruviana	1,17 aB	1,62 aA	1,13 bB
Physalis ixocarpa	1,00 bB	1,24 bA	1,00 bB
Physalis minima	1,07 abC	1,61 aA	1,34 aB
CV(%)	8,68

*Lower case letters differ statistically from each other in the column and upper case letters from the line, using the Tukey test, at 5% probability of error. ns = not significant. **Data transformed to square root of x + 1.

Table 3: Number of roots and dry biomass of the area (g) for physalis species and culture media

Species of Physalis	Number of roots **	Seedling dry biomass (g)
Physalis peruviana	1,99 a*	1,04 a
Physalis ixocarpa	1,41 b	1,01 b
Physalis minima	1,87 a	1,04 a
Culture media
WPM	1,43 b	1,02 b
Knudson	1,43 b	1,01 b
MS	2,41	1,06 a
CV(%)	24,91

*Lower case letters differ statistically from each other in the column, using the Tukey test, at 5% probability of error. **Data transformed to square root of x + 1.

Table 4: Number of plantlets regenerated for physalis species

Species of Physalis	Number of plantlets regenerated**
Physalis minima	2,34 a*
Physalis peruviana	1,35 b
CV (%)	12,91

*Lower case letters differ statistically from each other in the column, using the Tukey test, at 5% probability of error. **Data transformed to square root of x + 1.

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[1] *Corresponding author: fvilla2003@hotmail.com