Genetic divergence among forage peanut genotypes based on agronomic and nutritional traits

Miqueloni, Daniela Popim; Assis, Giselle Mariano Lessa de; Beber, Paulo Marcio

doi:10.1590/0034-737X2024710034

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Sumário

Plant Breeding Applied to Agriculture • Rev. Ceres 71 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X2024710034 copy

Genetic divergence among forage peanut genotypes based on agronomic and nutritional traits¹ 1 This work is part of the doctor’s thesis of the first author, being partially financed by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Acre.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Forage peanut is a perennial legume of high-quality forage production and persistence in mixed pastures that improves soil quality and becomes an efficient option for the recovery of degraded pastures. Therein context, the objective of this study was to cluster forage peanut genotypes based on their breeding values, considering structuring agronomic and nutritive traits to select parents for the hybridization program. Sixty-seven genotypes were evaluated in three separate cut trials in a randomized complete block design, with Belmonte and BRS Mandobi cultivars as a common control. Genotypic values were obtained for each trial by the mixed model methodology. Genetic divergence was analyzed by principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. There was variability for most traits, with variation among trials on genotypic, genotype x evaluation interaction, and permanent environment variances. There were similar structuring traits among trials and showed soil cover, total dry matter yield, and plant height as the most relevant traits. The hierarchical cluster analysis indicated genotype discrimination by dry matter and seed production. There is a possibility to select highly divergent superior genotypes as parental and breeding with a focus on forage and seed production.

Keywords
Arachis pintoi and A. repens; cluster; mixed models; multivariate analysis

Code	BRA	Specie	Code	BRA	Specie
	Trial I			Trial III
1	014931	A. pintoi	16	032409	A. pintoi
2	033260	A. repens	35	030082	A. repens
3	039799	A. pintoi	36	035122	A. pintoi
4	035068	A. p x A. r¹ 1 Interespecific A.pintoi x A. repens hybrid;	37	032387	A. repens
5	035041	A. p x A. p² 2 Intraspecific A. pintoi x A. pintoi hybrid;	38	032280	A. repens
6	035033	A. p x A. p	39	031909	A. pintoi
7	040894	A. pintoi	40	040223	A. pintoi
8	030333	A. pintoi	41	039195	A. pintoi
9	039187	A. pintoi	42	030635	A. pintoi
10	015083	A. pintoi	43	031275	A. pintoi
11	014991	A. pintoi	44	031461	A. pintoi
12	035114	A. pintoi	45	031526	A. pintoi
13	032352	A. repens	47	031984	A. pintoi
14	034436	A. repens	48	012114	A. repens
15	032379	A. repens	49	040193	A. pintoi
16	032409	A. pintoi	50	015121	A. pintoi
17	034142	A. pintoi	51	016683	A. pintoi
18	037036	A. pintoi	52	032280	A. repens
19	52^* * Local identification (without BRA).	A. pintoi	53	040088	A. repens
68	031828	A. pintoi	54	016357	A. pintoi
69	040550	A. pintoi	55	037443	A. repens
	Trial II		56	014788	A. repens
20	039985	A. pintoi	57	032361	A. repens
21	029220	A. repens	58	022683	A. pintoi
22	012122	A. pintoi	59	040185	A. repens
23	014982	A. pintoi	60	036544	A. pintoi
24	030325	A. pintoi	61	034363	A. repens
25	030601	A. pintoi	62	034355	A. pintoi
26	039772	A. pintoi	63	032433	A. pintoi
27	040045	A. pintoi	64	032492	A. repens
28	012106	A. repens	65	030872	A. pintoi
29	029190	A. repens	66	030899	A. pintoi
30	029203	A. repens	67	030929	A. pintoi
31	035076	A. p x A. r	68	031828	A. pintoi
32	038857	A. p x A. r	69	040550	A. pintoi
33	030384	A. pintoi	-	-	-
34	013251	A. pintoi	-	-	-
68	031828	A. pintoi	-	-	-
69	040550	A. pintoi	-	-	-
70	040550³	A. pintoi	-	-	-

	Traits	σ²_g	σ²_m	σ²_p	σ²_e	Mean
Trial I	Pests	0.0036^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.0035	0.0001	0.0792	2.72
	Disease	0.0161^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.0353^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.0001	0.2383	3.03
	Vigor	0.8542^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.2748^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.2035^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.7979	6.56
	Flower	0.7573^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.4944^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.0207^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	1.0543	2.49
	SC	341.3000^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	236.3800^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	64.9096^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	147.1954	80.58
	Height	4.8674^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	2.8336^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	3.0912^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	4.1055	6.63
	CP¹ 1 Only one evaluation.	3.6576^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	-	-	3.0184	206.25
	ADF¹ 1 Only one evaluation.	1.4841	-	-	6.3771	337.03
	NDF¹ 1 Only one evaluation.	2.3323	-	-	11.7290	427.43
	TDMY	566237^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	457251^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	280591^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	599601	2326.05
	LDMY	189798^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	79500^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	74927^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	280060	1363.21
	Seed¹ 1 Only one evaluation.	4064^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	-	-	3403	47.88
Trial II	Pests	0.1249^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.2420^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.0120	0.7477	2.09
	Disease	0.1672^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.4129^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.0192	0.6047	2.06
	Vigor	0.1417^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.1491^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.0278^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.3537	7.03
	Flower	0.6760^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.9469^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.0493^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.7417	1.78
	SC	20.9472^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	25.1139^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	3.0112^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	68.2724	93.31
	Height	1.1009^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.6386^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.2678^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.9193	5.50
	CP	1.0475^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.4304^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.2157	1.4015	212.26
	ADF	1.4190^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.7446^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.2581	3.4728	336.38
	NDF	0.7958	1.4552^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.0001	10.2332	591.05
	TDMY	248972^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	125387^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	95603^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	155229	2327.36
	LDMY	83224^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	35011^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	31363^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	59330	1373.78
	Seed¹ 1 Only one evaluation.	506993^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	-	-	150244	676.36
Trial III	Pests	0.0607^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.0651^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.0018	0.4923	2.35
	Disease	0.1456^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.2731^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.1329^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.9797	2.14
	Vigor	0.1696^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.1246^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.0302^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.6288	7.36
	Flower	0.6782^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.7393^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.0267^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.4268	1.17
	SC	8.2556^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	5.6870^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	2.6547^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	69.7336	94.07
	Height	1.5757^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.8845^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.3860^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.9952	5.29
	CP	0.2224^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.4250^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.1003	2.0319	233.12
	ADF	0.3348^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.2571	0.1876	5.1841	302.61
	NDF	1.1415^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	0.1628	0.1070	8.6268	535.42
	TDMY	98139^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	42867^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	33300^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	51328	1695.02
	LDMY	23699^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	17974^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	12641^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	38822	844.17
	Seed¹ 1 Only one evaluation.	91637^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test. ^* * and ** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, by deviance analysis based on LRT test.	-	-	78263	258.46

	PC	Eigenvalue	Accumulated Variance%	Flower	SC	Height	CP	TDMY	Seed
	PC	Eigenvalue	Accumulated Variance%	–––––––––– Eigenvectors ––––––––––
Trial I	1	2.951	49.178	0.331	-0.511	-0.223	-0.365	-0.534	0.401
	2	1.274	70.410	0.331	0.182	0.728	-0.373	0.248	0.355
	3	0.746	82.846	0.802	0.151	-0.052	0.567	-0.070	-0.076
	4	0.511	91.366	0.238	-0.202	0.187	-0.390	-0.101	-0.840
	5	0.443	98.746	-0.242	-0.524	0.592	0.503	-0.252	-0.015
	6	0.075	100.000	0.150	-0.606	-0.179	0.033	0.758	0.042
				–––––––––– Eigenvectors ––––––––––
Trial II	1	2.543	42.389	0.457	-0.558	-0.166	-0.121	-0.558	0.356
	2	1.646	69.825	0.185	0.120	0.708	-0.225	0.242	0.583
	3	1.012	86.689	0.370	0.154	0.019	0.901	0.047	0.156
	4	0.489	94.837	0.729	0.331	-0.330	-0.338	0.330	-0.167
	5	0.240	98.838	0.222	-0.633	0.385	0.081	0.351	-0.522
	6	0.070	100.000	-0.200	-0.373	-0.462	0.044	0.630	0.457
				–––––––––– Eigenvectors ––––––––––
Trial III	1	2.244	37.402	-0.360	0.359	-0.567	0.337	-0.302	-0.464
	2	1.533	62.952	0.138	0.539	0.262	0.270	0.692	-0.265
	3	0.825	76.696	0.883	-0.160	-0.252	0.217	-0.139	-0.254
	4	0.776	89.622	-0.127	-0.274	0.220	0.875	-0.070	0.300
	5	0.533	98.508	-0.206	-0.569	0.299	-0.025	0.100	-0.730
	6	0.090	100.000	0.112	0.396	0.640	-0.015	-0.629	-0.163

Cluster	Genotypes	Flower¹ * Local identification (without BRA).	SC	Height	CP	TDMY	Seed
Cluster	Trial I
1	1 5 6 7 8 11 12 17	3.18 ±0.58	65.13 ±16.16	6.13 ±0.68	197.02 ±1.17	1790.11 ±301.43	94.35 ±72.06
2	2 4 10 13 14 15 16 69	2.17 ±0.68	86.55 ±10.34	5.65 ±0.97	210.54 ±2.05	2361.04 ±371.54	13.83 ±8.15
3	3 9 18 19 68	1.88 ±0.58	95.73 ±2.86	9.02 ±2.71	214.15 ±1.60	3127.54 ±242.87	28.02 ±21.72
	Trial II
1	20 23 27 28 29 30 33 68 69	1.40 ±0.80	96.44 ±0.73	5.45 ±0.96	215.36 ±0.69	2665.19 ±330.90	246.94 ±340.07
2	21 31 32 24 26	2.09 ±0.59	88.08 ±3.00	4.79 ±0.64	208.07 ±1.35	1857.34 ±284.40	678.68 ±424.85
3	22 25 34 70	2.25 ±0.32	92.79 ±2.21	6.50 ±0.54	210.53 ±0.60	2154.77 ±266.05	1639.65 ±610.50
	Trial III
1	35 39 48 53 55 57 59 61 64	0.39 ±0.34	95.24 ±0.77	3.84 ±0.65	235.36 ±0.27	1396.11 ±129.16	84.60 ±77.28
2	60	0.70	82.30	7.43	230.07	1344.67	971.28
3	36 41 56 58 66	2.48 ±0.32	92.29 ±1.87	5.35 ±0.42	233.20 ±0.22	1743.24 ±273.33	72.87 ±32.25
4	37 38 40 43 45 52 62 68	0.75 ±0.47	94.94 ±1.48	6.05 ±1.24	232.57 ±0.44	1961.41 ±268.90	122.40 ±118.17
5	16 42 44 47 49 50 51 54 63 65 67 69	1.51 ±0.25	94.34 ±1.35	5.67 ±0.52	232.03 ±0.36	1750.70 ±192.05	497.48 ±239.66

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[1] * Corresponding author: danimique@yahoo.com.br

Brasil

Brasil

Genetic divergence among forage peanut genotypes based on agronomic and nutritional traits1 1 This work is part of the doctor’s thesis of the first author, being partially financed by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Acre.

ABSTRACT

Genetic divergence among forage peanut genotypes based on agronomic and nutritional traits¹ 1 This work is part of the doctor’s thesis of the first author, being partially financed by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Acre.